212 research outputs found
Tilasto: metsÀmaan omistus 2013
Suomen virallinen tilastoKuolinpesien metsÀnomistus vÀhenee tasaisesti
Yksityishenkilöt omistivat Luonnonvarakeskuksen julkaisemien tietojen mukaan vuoden 2013 lopussa yhteensÀ 376 000 vÀhintÀÀn yhden hehtaarin metsÀtilakokonaisuutta. MetsÀÀ omistavien kuolinpesien mÀÀrÀ on vÀhentynyt vuoden 2006 jÀlkeen seitsemÀssÀ vuodessa 3 800 metsÀtilalla (8 %) ja niihin kuuluvan metsÀmaan ala 160 000 hehtaarilla. KuolinpesiÀ on muutettu erityisesti verotusyhtymiksi, joiden mÀÀrÀ on kasvanut kaikkiaan 7 700 metsÀtilalla (16 %) ja 254 000 hehtaarilla.201
Studying corporate texts - critical discourse analysis of Finnish companies' discourses on growth in Russia
Objective of the study
The objective of this study was to find out how Finnish companies justify and legitimize seeking growth in Russia, and how they then communicate their performance and future outlook therein. As a cross-disciplinary study, it aimed to understand and bring forward the underlying motives of using language for the âjustificationâ and ânaturalizationâ of the companiesâ activities in Russia. To reach this purpose, the thesis combined methods and theories from accounting research, management and organization studies, international business studies, business communication and linguistics.
Methodology
In order to find the answer to the main research question, a qualitative critical discourse analysis methodology was applied on five CEOâs letters to shareholders (years 2007-2011) of five large Finnish companies that have established operations in Russia. In the spirit of critical discourse analysis the thesis does not see language merely as a conveyer of messages that reflect reality â instead, it views language as a force capable of (re-)creating social reality. The study was broken into two parts: first, an overall analysis was conducted on the textual material to see which discourses and other phenomena arise from it and, second, these specific discourses and other phenomena were then analyzed in more detail.
Key findings
The study found that top management, having the incentives to do so, frequently engages in self-serving behavior in their discourses in order to manage the perception the external audience has about their company. This behavior manifests itself in the managementâs use of language in creating a âpositive discursive realityâ surrounding the company and results from the pressure of shareholdersâ growth expectations and a simultaneous failure to meet them. Thus, the management is pressurized into presenting their activities in Russia in a positive light and in conjunction with growth even though the ârealityâ may differ from this âdiscursive realityâ communicated by the management.
Keywords
Discourse, critical discourse analysis, growth, Russia, performanc
The General Data Protection Regulation: Requirements, Architectures, and Constraints
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union is the
most famous recently enacted privacy regulation. Despite of the regulation's
legal, political, and technological ramifications, relatively little research
has been carried out for better understanding the GDPR's practical implications
for requirements engineering and software architectures. Building on a grounded
theory approach with close ties to the Finnish software industry, this paper
contributes to the sealing of this gap in previous research. Three questions
are asked and answered in the context of software development organizations.
First, the paper elaborates nine practical constraints under which many small
and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often operate when implementing solutions
that address the new regulatory demands. Second, the paper elicits nine
regulatory requirements from the GDPR for software architectures. Third, the
paper presents an implementation for a software architecture that complies both
with the requirements elicited and the constraints elaborated.Comment: Forthcoming in the 27th IEEE International Requirements Engineering
Conference (RE'19), Jeju Island, IEE
A Case Study on Software Vulnerability Coordination
Context: Coordination is a fundamental tenet of software engineering.
Coordination is required also for identifying discovered and disclosed software
vulnerabilities with Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs). Motivated by
recent practical challenges, this paper examines the coordination of CVEs for
open source projects through a public mailing list. Objective: The paper
observes the historical time delays between the assignment of CVEs on a mailing
list and the later appearance of these in the National Vulnerability Database
(NVD). Drawing from research on software engineering coordination, software
vulnerabilities, and bug tracking, the delays are modeled through three
dimensions: social networks and communication practices, tracking
infrastructures, and the technical characteristics of the CVEs coordinated.
Method: Given a period between 2008 and 2016, a sample of over five thousand
CVEs is used to model the delays with nearly fifty explanatory metrics.
Regression analysis is used for the modeling. Results: The results show that
the CVE coordination delays are affected by different abstractions for noise
and prerequisite constraints. These abstractions convey effects from the social
network and infrastructure dimensions. Particularly strong effect sizes are
observed for annual and monthly control metrics, a control metric for weekends,
the degrees of the nodes in the CVE coordination networks, and the number of
references given in NVD for the CVEs archived. Smaller but visible effects are
present for metrics measuring the entropy of the emails exchanged, traces to
bug tracking systems, and other related aspects. The empirical signals are
weaker for the technical characteristics. Conclusion: [...
- âŠ