FLOATING PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF FAMOTIDINE: DESIGN, STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION, AND IN VITRO EVALUATION

Objective: Pulsatile systems are gaining a lot of significance as they deliver the drug at the right site of action at the right time and in the right amount, thus providing spatial and temporal delivery and increasing patient compliance. These systems are designed according to the circadian rhythm of the body. The aim of the present research work was to design and optimize compression coated floating pulsatile drug delivery system of Famotidine. Floating pulsatile concept was applied to increase the gastric residence of the dosage form having lag phase followed by a burst release.Methods: Floating pulsatile tablets were prepared by using press coated technology. The prepared system consisted of two parts: a core tablet containing the active ingredient and an erodible outer shell with gas generating agent. The burst release core tablet was prepared by using super disintegrants with the active ingredient. Press coating of optimized burst release core tablets was done by the polymer. A 32 full factorial design was used for optimization. The amount of HPMCE4M and Polyox WSRN60K was selected as independent variables. Lag period, drug release, buoyancy and swelling index were selected as dependent variables.Results: Floating pulsatile release formulation (FPRF) F4 at level 0 (65 mg) for HPMC E4M and level-1 (75 mg) for Polyox WSR N60K showed lag time of 4 h with>90% drug release. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, and ð‘ƒ<0.05 was statistically significant.Conclusion: The present research work demonstrates that famotidine could be successfully delivered to provide night-time relief of gastric acidity by formulating floating pulsatile drug delivery system. The press-coated formulation containing HPMCE4M and Polyox WSR N60K at 0,-1 level was in the optimum zone and has the potential for time-controlled pulsatile delivery of Famotidine.Keywords: Floating pulsatile, Famotidin

semantic neural model approach for face recognition from sketch

Face sketch synthesis and reputation have wide range of packages in law enforcement. Despite the amazing progresses had been made in faces cartoon and reputation, maximum current researches regard them as separate responsibilities. On this paper, we propose a semantic neural version approach so that you can address face caricature synthesis and recognition concurrently. We anticipate that faces to be studied are in a frontal pose, with regular lighting and neutral expression, and have no occlusions. To synthesize caricature/image photos, the face vicinity is divided into overlapping patches for gaining knowledge of. The size of the patches decides the scale of local face systems to be found out

Genetic divergence studies for yield and quality traits in high protein landraces of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The present study was undertaken to study the extent of genetic diversity in high protein rice landraces with respect to yield, yield components and quality characters. In this direction, 30 high protein rice landraces, collected from different parts of country by ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR-IIRR), Hyderabad along with the high protein check, CR DHAN 310 were evaluated during Kharif 2021 at ICAR-IIRR farm located at International Crops Research Institute of Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad. The study examined the genetic divergence of high protein rice cultures for yield, quality and nutritional parameters. Multivariate analysis techniques of Mahalanobis D2 and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to estimate the genetic diversity in the experimental material. In Mahalanobis D2, the 31 high protein rice cultures were divided into six clusters. Cluster I had highest number of rice cultures (19), followed by Cluster III and V with five, four cultures, respectively. The clusters, II, IV, VI were mono-genotypic. It was discovered that grouping of these cultures into several clusters was random and was not related to geographical diversity. Inter-cluster distances between clusters V and VI were maximum. Cluster V had also exhibited higher intra-cluster distance. Further, Cluster VI had showed maximum yield plant-1, grains per panicle-1, zinc content and test weight, while, Cluster V had recorded high protein content. The greatest contribution to genetic divergence was recorded by yield plant-1 (21.60%), followed by iron (10.54%) and zinc content (9.54%). In Principal Component Analysis, the first five Principal Components (PCs) with eigen values >1 accounted for cumulative contribution of 67.69% to the total variability. The three traits, yield plant-1, iron content, and amylose content contributed the most to variability. The 2D scatter diagram exhibited 18 different clusters, out of which 11 clusters were mono-genotypic. Mahalanobis D2 Statistic and PCA concluded maximum genetic diversity between the landraces, JAK 248-3 and JAK 638 with JAK 611

Dizajniranje i evaluacija oralnih raspadajućih tableta dekstrometorfan hidrobromida s maskiranim okusom

The present study is aimed to develop dextromethorphan hydrobromide (DXM) oral disintegrating tablets (ODT) with acceptable palatability to help patients of all age group. The bitter taste of the drug was masked by binding the drug to ion exchange resin. The effect of particle size of resin on drug loading was studied. In vitro and in vivo disintegration time and in vitro drug release studies were performed. Drug loading increased significantly with a decrease in the particle size of the resin. DSC and XRPD studies reveal that the molecular state of the drug changed from crystalline to amorphous form. The dissolution efficiency calulated for optimized ODT and conventional directly compressed tablet were almost comparable, indicating free dissociation of the drug from the resinate. The bitter taste of DXM can be masked by binding with ion exchange resin and the resinate can be successfully formulated into oral disintegrating tablets.Cilj rada bio je pripraviti raspadajuće tablete dekstrometorfan hidrobromida (DXM) za oralnu primjenu (ODT) prihvatljivog okusa s namjerom da se pomogne pacijentima svih dobnih skupina. Gorki okus ljekovite tvari maskiran je vezanjem lijeka na ionsko-izmjenjivačku smolu. Proučavan je utjecaj veličine čestica smole na količinu ljekovite tvari koja se može na nju vezati, vrijeme raspadanja in vitro i in vivo, te oslobađanje lijeka in vitro. Količina vezanog lijeka značajno se povećava sa smanjenjem veličine čestica smole. DSC i XRPD studije pokazuju da prilikom vezanja kristalinični oblik lijeka prelazi u amorfni. Oslobađanje ljekovite tvari izračunato za optimizirane ODT i izravno komprimirane tablete vrlo je slično, što ukazuje na slobodno oslobađanje lijeka iz smole. Gorki okus DXM može se maskirati vezanjem ljekovite tvari na ionsko-izmjenjivačku smolu iz koje se mogu pripraviti raspadajuće tablete za oralnu primjenu

In vitro transcutaneous permeation of acyclovir sodium from HPMC gels: role of chemical permeation enhancers

The main objective of the present study is to improve the permeation of acyclovir sodium (ACV) across stratum corneum (SC) from HPMC gel formulations. We have also investigated the role of chemical permeation enhancers like dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol, limonene and sodium taurodeoxycholate on the transcutaneous permeation of ACV from HPMC gels. The optimized formulations were characterized and subjected to in vitro permeation study using excised rat abdominal skin. The histological examination of the skin was studied to understand the mechanisms involved in the permeation of ACV across skin. The cumulative amount of ACV permeated and the increase in permeation parameters (Jss, Kp and ER) were significantly higher for gel formulations compared to marketed formulation. A 2 to 4 fold increase in enhancement ratio clearly indicates the potential of formulating ACV into a gel.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Contribution of Grain Legumes in Combating Food and Nutrition In-Security in Different Regions of the World

Food security is a complex issue, linked to availability and access to food, malnutrition in the population, economic development, environment, and local and global trade. Malnutrition hinders healthy growth and proper development of the human immune system affecting neurological and cognitive development especially in children. Protein calorie malnutrition is a major nutritional problem in many developing countries. Considering the projected increase of world population to 9 billion by 2050, it is a huge challenge to meet the food and nutritional security of the growing world. Grain legumes are an important part of Afro-Asian diet and major providers of protein and calories in this region. Grain legumes are considered to be a good source of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and other compounds that have significant nutritional arid health-related benefits which would very effectively address both malnutrition and food insecurity problems. Under the climate change scenario, there is an urgent need to diversify the cropping pattern by promoting cultivation of grain legumes due to their adaptation to different regions and climates. Important legumes that form a part of our daily diet in various forms include peas, beans, lentils, chickpea, pigeonpea, soybean, and groundnut. In this chapter we have briefly highlighted the global trade and economics-related aspects; and nutritional composition of important food legumes

Venlafaxine hydrochloride transdermal patches: effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic matrix on in vitro characteristics

Transdermal drug delivery systems of venlafaxine hydrochloride were prepared by using combination of hydrophilic (HPMC E15) and hydrophobic (ERS100 and ERL 100) polymers in 1:5, 2:4, 3:3, 4:2, 5:1 ratios by solvent casting technique with 15 % v/w propylene glycol as plasticizer. The drug permeation studies revealed that drug permeation increased proportionally with increasing HPMC ratio where ERS 100 as hydrophobic polymer but in case of ERL 100 as hydrophobic polymer proportional increase was not obtained this may be due to increased diffusion path length. The drug permeation kinetics followed zero order profile with diffusion mechanism. The average steady state flux obtained with HPMC: ERL 100 (3:3) was 193.2 μg/cm2 /h and the same was increased to 257 μg/cm2 /h with the incorporation of 5 % v/w of dimethyl sulfoxide as permeation enhancer that was 3 fold of target flux (86 μg/cm2 /h). The FTIR studies showed drug-polymer compatibility.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Studies on ion-exchange resin complex of Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide

The objective of present work was to assess ion exchange resins for taste masking of Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide (DM) - a highly bitter drug. A strong cationic exchange resin (Amberlite® IRP-69) and weak cationic exchange resin (Amberlite® IRP-64) were evaluated. Based on drug loading efficiency, Amberlite® IRP-69 was selected for further evaluation. The effect of different methods of drug loading, drug: resin ratios and particle size on drug complexation was evaluated. The formation of a resinate was confirmed based on Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier transmission infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results from loading studies at different drug: resin ratios, 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1, indicated that, the drug loading achieved were 78%, 49% and 25% w/w, respectively. For a defined drug:resin ratio, resin particle size of 45-63μm showed highest drug loading whereas, resins with higher particle size, 125-150 μm showed the lower drug loading. The X-ray diffraction spectra showed absence of crystalline peaks indicating formation of resinates. DSC and XRPD showed that the molecular state of the entrapped drug in resinates changed from crystalline to amorphous state regardless of drug loading. The complexes were evaluated for bulk density, angle of repose, taste masking and in vitro drug release. In vitro drug release studies showed more than 80% drug release from resinate prepared with Amberlite IRP 69 within 30 min. Based on the studies we can conclude that taste masking of Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide could be accomplished using a strong cationic ion exchange resin with a particle size 45-63 μm at a 1:1 Drug: Resin ratioColegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice: Insight in Climate Change Scenario

Rice, world’s second major, staple cereal crop that feed the more than 50% of world’s population. To safeguard the production and to fulfill the demand of ever the increasing population and urbanization there is need to increase the rice production. Though the rice yield has increased due to the development of modern technology and climate resilient high yielding cultivars but still it is 10–15 per cent lower than its potential yield due to various biotic and abiotic stress. Drought, extreme temperature, salinity, harmful radiation, heavy metals, gaseous pollutants are the most detrimental abiotic stresses factors that cause the morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in the rice crops and ultimate result is the reduction of rice production globally. Tolerance against these stresses through exploitation of potent biotechnological tools, molecular markers, QTL mapping omices approaches, phytohormones which could offer a more adequate and rapid solution to overcome these abiotic stresses and to enhance the ultimate grain yield of rice

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) also called Bengal gram or Garbanzo, is the largest produced food legume in South Asia and the third largest produced food legume globally, after common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and field pea (Piston sativum L.). Chickpea is grown in more than 50 countries (90% area in Asia, 4.7% in Africa, 3.1% in Oceania, 1.6% in Americas and 0.5% in Europe), but developing countries account for over 95% of its production (FAO, 2011). Over 75% of the chickpea production comes from South Asia, where India is the largest chickpea producing country accounting for 67% of the global chickpea production. The other major chickpea producing countries include Pakistan, Turkey, Australia, Myanmar, Ethiopia, Iran, 'Mexico and Canada (Figure 1). During the triennium 2006-2009, the global chickpea area was about 11.1 m ha with a production of 9.3 m tons and average yield of nearly 838 kg ha-1 (FAO, 2011)