Integrable deformations of the Bogoyavlenskij-Itoh Lotka-Volterra systems

We construct a family of integrable deformations of the Bogoyavlenskij-Itoh systems and construct a Lax operator with spectral parameter for it. Our approach is based on the construction of a family of compatible Poisson structures for the undeformed system, whose Casimirs are shown to yield a generating function for the integrals in involution of the deformed systems. We show how these deformations are related to the Veselov-Shabat systems.Comment: 23 pages, 14 reference

Advanced Optimizations in Dynamic Language Compiler

Dynamic programming languages are designed to be interpreted and consequently perform a considerable amount of runtime type checking. In contrast, compilers for statically typed languages can remove this class of checks using information known at compile-time. This thesis aims to improve Phalanger, a compiler of PHP language for CIL, by introducing advanced static program analyses to its compilation process in order to remove some, or most, of dynamic operations that are now performed at runtime by Phalanger-compiled programs. We show that using a carefully designed control flow analysis and subsequent type analysis we are able to improve the performance of simple PHP programs several times

Additional file 10: Figure S1. of Genome-wide analysis of MATE transporters and expression patterns of a subgroup of MATE genes in response to aluminum toxicity in soybean

Semi-quantitative RT-PCR of the candidate MATE gene for Al tolerance in soybean. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed using the RNA from soybean root tips (0–2 mm). - represents control plants (0 μM AlCl3) while + represents plants treated with 25 μM AlCl3. GmEF-1α was used as the internal control. T: aluminum-tolerant cultivar, KF; S: aluminum-sensitive cultivar, GF. The number of PCR cycles is shown on the right. (PNG 569 kb

Additional file 9: Table S7. of Genome-wide analysis of MATE transporters and expression patterns of a subgroup of MATE genes in response to aluminum toxicity in soybean

Details of cis-acting elements in the 1500 bp upstream of the eight soybean C4-3 MATE genes. (DOC 33 kb

Additional file 7: Table S6. of Genome-wide analysis of MATE transporters and expression patterns of a subgroup of MATE genes in response to aluminum toxicity in soybean

RNA-seq data of 117 soybean MATE genes in 14 tissues as shown in reads/kilobase/million (RPKM) normalization of the raw data from RNA-Seq Atlas on SoyBase. (XLS 44 kb

Additional file 13: Table S9. of Genome-wide analysis of MATE transporters and expression patterns of a subgroup of MATE genes in response to aluminum toxicity in soybean

The Ct values of the housekeeping gene GmEF-1Îą by qRT-PCR across all samples in this study. (XLS 32 kb

Additional file 2: Table S2. of Genome-wide characterization of the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene superfamily in soybean and its potential role in drought stress response

Identification of PF00171, PS00687 and PS00070 domains in soybean ALDHs using HMMER 3.0 software. (XLSX 13 kb

Additional file 11: Figure S6. of Genome-wide characterization of the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene superfamily in soybean and its potential role in drought stress response

Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the co-functional genes of GmALDHs. (PNG 244 kb

Overexpression of a Soybean Ariadne-Like Ubiquitin Ligase Gene <i>GmARI1</i> Enhances Aluminum Tolerance in Arabidopsis

<div><p>Ariadne (ARI) subfamily of RBR (Ring Between Ring fingers) proteins have been found as a group of putative E3 ubiquitin ligases containing RING (Really Interesting New Gene) finger domains in fruitfly, mouse, human and Arabidopsis. Recent studies showed several RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases play important roles in plant response to abiotic stresses, but the function of ARI in plants is largely unknown. In this study, an ariadne-like E3 ubiquitin ligase gene was isolated from soybean, <i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr., and designated as <i>GmARI1</i>. It encodes a predicted protein of 586 amino acids with a RBR supra-domain. Subcellular localization studies using Arabidopsis protoplast cells indicated GmARI protein was located in nucleus. The expression of <i>GmARI1</i> in soybean roots was induced as early as 2–4 h after simulated stress treatments such as aluminum, which coincided with the fact of aluminum toxicity firstly and mainly acting on plant roots. In vitro ubiquitination assay showed GmARI1 protein has E3 ligase activity. Overexpression of <i>GmARI1</i> significantly enhanced the aluminum tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. These findings suggest that <i>GmARI1</i> encodes a RBR type E3 ligase, which may play important roles in plant tolerance to aluminum stress.</p></div

Relative gene expression levels of <i>GmARI1</i> in the roots of soybean after exogenous application of plant hormones.

<p><b>A</b>. 100 µM ABA treatment <b>B</b>. 100 µM IAA treatment <b>C</b>. 100 µM JA treatment <b>D</b>. 150 µM SA treatment. Error bars represent the standard error of three replicates.</p