μ−τ \mu-\tau Reflection Symmetry Embedded in Minimal Seesaw

We embed $\mu-\tau$ reflection symmetry into the minimal seesaw formalism, where two right-handed neutrinos are added to the Standard Model of particle physics. Assuming that both the left- and right-handed neutrino fields transform under $\mu-\tau$ reflection symmetry, we obtain the required forms of the neutrino Dirac mass matrix and the Majorana mass matrix for the right-handed neutrinos. To investigate the neutrino phenomenology at low energies, we first consider the breaking of $\mu-\tau$ reflection symmetry due to the renormalization group running, and then systematically study various breaking schemes by introducing explicit breaking terms at high energies.Comment: 35 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables, Version accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J.

Secure Split Learning against Property Inference, Data Reconstruction, and Feature Space Hijacking Attacks

Split learning of deep neural networks (SplitNN) has provided a promising solution to learning jointly for the mutual interest of a guest and a host, which may come from different backgrounds, holding features partitioned vertically. However, SplitNN creates a new attack surface for the adversarial participant, holding back its practical use in the real world. By investigating the adversarial effects of highly threatening attacks, including property inference, data reconstruction, and feature hijacking attacks, we identify the underlying vulnerability of SplitNN and propose a countermeasure. To prevent potential threats and ensure the learning guarantees of SplitNN, we design a privacy-preserving tunnel for information exchange between the guest and the host. The intuition is to perturb the propagation of knowledge in each direction with a controllable unified solution. To this end, we propose a new activation function named R3eLU, transferring private smashed data and partial loss into randomized responses in forward and backward propagations, respectively. We give the first attempt to secure split learning against three threatening attacks and present a fine-grained privacy budget allocation scheme. The analysis proves that our privacy-preserving SplitNN solution provides a tight privacy budget, while the experimental results show that our solution performs better than existing solutions in most cases and achieves a good tradeoff between defense and model usability.Comment: 23 page

Quantum delayed-choice experiment with a beam splitter in a quantum superposition

A quantum system can behave as a wave or as a particle, depending on the experimental arrangement. When for example measuring a photon using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the photon acts as a wave if the second beam-splitter is inserted, but as a particle if this beam-splitter is omitted. The decision of whether or not to insert this beam-splitter can be made after the photon has entered the interferometer, as in Wheeler's famous delayed-choice thought experiment. In recent quantum versions of this experiment, this decision is controlled by a quantum ancilla, while the beam splitter is itself still a classical object. Here we propose and realize a variant of the quantum delayed-choice experiment. We configure a superconducting quantum circuit as a Ramsey interferometer, where the element that acts as the first beam-splitter can be put in a quantum superposition of its active and inactive states, as verified by the negative values of its Wigner function. We show that this enables the wave and particle aspects of the system to be observed with a single setup, without involving an ancilla that is not itself a part of the interferometer. We also study the transition of this quantum beam-splitter from a quantum to a classical object due to decoherence, as observed by monitoring the interferometer output.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, Accepted by Physical Review Letter

COMPARISON OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITIES OF CURCUMA WENYUJIN Y.H. CHEN ET C. LING AND SCUTELLARIA BAICALENSIS GEORGI

The study aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of Curcuma wenyujin Y.H. Chen et C. Ling (Curcuma wenyujin) and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Scutellaria baicalensis). This study used three parts to compare the two herbs. Firstly, animals were randomly divided into a Scutellaria baicalensis group, a Curcuma wenyujin group, an indomethacin group, and a model-control group to perform an ear edema test, a carrageenin-induced paw edema test, a cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation test, and an acetic acid-induced writhing test. Secondly, model rats with pelvic inflammation were established, and the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in each group was detected with the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Thirdly, pharmacokinetics analysis of Scutellaria baicalensis and Curcuma wenyujin was conducted on the model rats. The ear edema test, carrageenin-induced paw edema test, cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation test, and acetic acid-induced writhing test all showed that Curcuma wenyujin had stronger anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects than Scutellaria baicalensis. There is significant difference between the effects of Curcuma wenyujin and Scutellaria baicalensis on the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 for the model rats. Curcuma wenyujin decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 more than Scutellaria baicalensis. The pharmacokinetics analysis showed that curcumol’s Tmax, Cmax, and the area under the curve (AUC) were all higher than baicalin’s. This study indicated that for pelvic inflammation, Curcuma wenyujin had better anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects than Scutellaria baicalensis

A panel of tumor markers, calreticulin, annexin A2, and annexin A3 in upper tract urothelial carcinoma identified by proteomic and immunological analysis

BACKGROUND: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a tumor with sizable metastases and local recurrence. It has a worse prognosis than bladder cancer. This study was designed to investigate the urinary potential tumor markers of UTUC. METHODS: Between January 2008 and January 2009, urine was sampled from 13 patients with UTUC and 20 healthy adults. The current study identified biomarkers for UTUC using non-fixed volume stepwise weak anion exchange chromatography for fractionation of urine protein prior to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: Fifty five differential proteins have been determined by comparing with the 2-DE maps of the urine of UTUC patients and those of healthy people. Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemistry of tumor tissues and normal tissues from patients with UTUC were carried out to further verify five possible UTUC biomarkers, including zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein, calreticulin, annexin A2, annexin A3 and haptoglobin. The data of western blot and immunohistochemical analysis are consistent with the 2-DE data. Combined the experimental data in the urine and in tumor tissues collected from patients with UTUC, the crucial over-expressed proteins are calreticulin, annexin A2, and annexin A3. CONCLUSIONS: Calreticulin, annexin A2, and annexin A3 are very likely a panel of biomarkers with potential value for UTUC diagnosis

In Situ Reconstruction of High‐Entropy Heterostructure Catalysts for Stable Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis under Industrial Conditions

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio