Aesthetic Labour at the Coffee Shop: Exploring Young Workers\u27 Perceptions of the Service Encounter

Using qualitative data gathered from in-depth interviews, this research aims to elucidate how young coffeehouse baristas experience the service encounter. As aesthetic labourers, baristas are hypothesized to possess a certain level of embodied capital, which empowers them in their interactions with customers. However, many young interactive service workers are stopgap workers who do not intend to make careers out of their part-time jobs. How does their unique position in the labour market influence the ways in which these workers experience employment in the lower tier of the service sector? The findings suggest that age and class intersect in the coffeehouse setting to gentrify barista work, but coffeehouse employers\u27 efforts to empower their employees have variable results. Thus young workers\u27 working conditions and career aspirations appear to be important in determining whether and how resistance plays out in the three-way relationship among employers, workers, and customers

Farm Inputs and Agri-Environment Measures as Indicators of Agri-Environment Quality in Hungary

The paper deals with agri-environmental indicators, examines farm inputs, on the basis of statistical data of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (Szabo, Pomazi 2002) and the Eurostat (2004). The examined indicators are placed in the agricultural DPSIR model. The paper presents how the use of farm inputs changed in Hungary from 1980-2000. Farm inputs are related to the inputs of the EU-15, the study demonstrates that today they are below the EU- 15 average. Area under agri-environmental measures in 2003 - which covered the 4% of agricultural area of Hungary - as a response indicator is also presented and based in the land-use zone system developed by Godollo Agricultural University (Angyan et al., 1998).agri-environmental measures, farm inputs, indicators, Environmental Economics and Policy, Q01,

Global patterns and drivers of avian extinctions at the species and subspecies level

Birds have long fascinated scientists and travellers, so their distribution and abundance through time have been better documented than those of other organisms. Many bird species are known to have gone extinct, but information on subspecies extinctions has never been synthesised comprehensively. We reviewed the timing, spatial patterns, trends and causes of avian extinctions on a global scale, identifying 279 ultrataxa (141 monotypic species and 138 subspecies of polytypic species) that have gone extinct since 1500. Species extinctions peaked in the early 20th century, then fell until the mid 20th century, and have subsequently accelerated. However, extinctions of ultrataxa peaked in the second half of the 20th century. This trend reflects a consistent decline in the rate of extinctions on islands since the beginning of the 20th century, but an acceleration in the extinction rate on continents. Most losses (78.7% of species and 63.0% of subspecies) occurred on oceanic islands. Geographic foci of extinctions include the Hawaiian Islands (36 taxa), mainland Australia and islands (29 taxa), the Mascarene Islands (27 taxa), New Zealand (22 taxa) and French Polynesia (19 taxa). The major proximate drivers of extinction for both species and subspecies are invasive alien species (58.2% and 50.7% of species and subspecies, respectively), hunting (52.4% and 18.8%) and agriculture, including non-timber crops and livestock farming (14.9% and 31.9%). In general, the distribution and drivers of subspecific extinctions are similar to those for species extinctions. However, our finding that, when subspecies are considered, the extinction rate has accelerated in recent decades is both novel and alarming

Regional avian species declines estimated from volunteer-collected long-term data using List Length Analysis

Long-term systematic population monitoring data sets are rare but are essential in identifying changes in species abundance. In contrast, community groups and natural history organizations have collected many species lists. These represent a large, untapped source of information on changes in abundance but are generally considered of little value. The major problem with using species lists to detect population changes is that the amount of effort used to obtain the list is often uncontrolled and usually unknown. It has been suggested that using the number of species on the list, the "list length,'' can be a measure of effort. This paper significantly extends the utility of Franklin's approach using Bayesian logistic regression. We demonstrate the value of List Length Analysis to model changes in species prevalence (i.e., the proportion of lists on which the species occurs) using bird lists collected by a local bird club over 40 years around Brisbane, southeast Queensland, Australia. We estimate the magnitude and certainty of change for 269 bird species and calculate the probabilities that there have been declines and increases of given magnitudes

Adapting global biodiversity indicators to the national scale: A Red List Index for Australian birds

The Red List Index (RLI), which uses information from the IUCN Red List to track trends in the projected overall extinction risk of sets of species, is among the indicators adopted by the world’s governments to assess performance under the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. For greatest impact, such indicators need to be measured and used at a national scale as well as globally. We present the first application of the RLI based on assessments of extinction risk at the national scale using IUCN’s recommended methods, evaluating trends in the status of Australian birds for 1990–2010. We calculated RLIs based on the number of taxa in each Red List category and the number that changed categories between assessments in 1990, 2000 and 2010 as a result of genuine improvement or deterioration in status. A novel comparison between trends at the species and ultrataxon (subspecies or monotypic species) level showed that these were remarkably similar, suggesting that current global RLI trends at the species level may also be a useful surrogate for tracking losses in genetic diversity at this scale, for which no global measures currently exist. The RLI for Australia is declining faster than global rates when migratory shorebirds and seabirds are included, but not when changes resulting from threats in Australia alone are considered. The RLI of oceanic island taxa has declined faster than those on the continent or on continental islands. There were also differences in the performance of different jurisdictions within Australia

Examination of the condition of the oldest trees in the Buda Arboretum

The Buda Arboretum is one of the richest plant collections in Hungary, located in the heart of Budapest, at the southern foot of Gellért Hill. The arboretum was initiated in 1893-94, now the garden covers 7,5 hectares and it surrounds the buildings of Buda Campus of the University of Agriculture and Life Sciences. The yearly precipitation is about 600 mm, to which 150-200 mm of irrigation water is added during the vegetation period. The soil is a strongly eroded humus carbonate or brown forest soil and contains lime and clay. The content of active calcium is high, the pH is alkaline, around 8. Our study aimed to examine the old trees in the garden, understand their overall health, and develop optimal tree care recommendations to ensure their long-term life. The ecosystem services of the old tree individuals are far higher than that of young trees. A mature, more than a hundred-year-old tree with a large crown brings us as much benefit as 200-400 young individuals. The oldest trees in the arboretum are 120-130 years old. Among these champion trees, the following three species appear Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, Fagus sylvatica L. ‘Pendula’, Parrotia persica C.A. Mey. We examined one individual of each three species with the following method: measuring the physical parameters of the trees (the size and height of the trunk and the crown); investigating the health condition of the trees with an instrumental wood investigation with Arborsonic 3D Acoustic Tomography (Fakopp 3D). We evaluated the results by applying a five-step tree condition assessment method of the European Union, especially concerning the effects of climate change. We found that most of the examined trees are in relatively good condition, but they have more dry branches in their crowns and more lairs in their trunk. Maintaining the garden\u27s tree population is a priority, and this is helped by the fast and professional tree care interventions, which is also due to the fact that the garden is also the practical site for tree care training. 2021 was a record year for detailed instrumental tree surveys, with 11 3D acoustic tomographs measuring at the same time. Accurate analyses will help to determine precise treatments in the long term. Keywords: arboretum, maintenance of old trees, visual tree examination, instrumental tree examination, climate chang

Validation of the Hungarian version of the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ-H) = A Humor Stílus Kérdőív magyar változatának (HSQ-H) validálása

Background and objectives Humor style reflects the way in which people use humor in their daily lives. Its investigation is paramount in humor research and it is also important in the context of various psychological investigations and mental health research. Due to the lack of a relevant tool, the aim of the current inquiry was to validate the Hungarian version of the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ; Martin et al., 2003). Methods A total of 425 male and female volunteers’ completed the Hungarian version of the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ-H). Results The HSQ-H has emerged to be a significantly shorter (22 items vs. 32 items of the original English HSQ), but nevertheless reliable, instrument. The four subscales, affiliative- (6 items), self-enhancing- (6-items), self-defeating- (5 items), and aggressive humor (5 items), all had acceptable internal consistencies, ranging from (Cronbach’s alpha) .72 to .85. The HSQ-H differentiated young adults (18–21 years) from adults and older adults (36 years and over), and those with lower and higher education levels, but did not yield statistically significant gender differences, or differences that could be linked to the living area of the respondents. Intercorrelations of the subscales were similar to those reported in validation research performed in other languages. Conclusions It is concluded that the HSQ-H is a short and reliable instrument for assessing humor styles in the Hungarian population, but the further testing of its psychometric properties is warranted. | Elméleti háttér és célkitűzés A humor stílus a humor mindennapi használatának jellemző módját jelenti. A különféle humor stílusok vizsgálata elsőrendű fontossággal bír a humorkutatásban, ám más pszichológiai kutatási területeken és a mentális egészség vonatkozásában is van létjogosultsága. Mivel magyar nyelven nem állt rendelkezésre megfelelő mérőeszköz, vizsgálatunk célja a Humor Stílus Kérdőív (Humor Styles Questionnaire, HSQ; Martin et al., 2003) magyar változatának elkészítése és validálása volt. Módszerek A HSQ magyar változatát (HSQ-H) összesen 425 önkéntes töltötte ki. Eredmények A HSQ magyar változata az eredeti 32-tételes angol verziónál rövidebb (22-tételes) mérőeszköz. A négy alskála (affiliatív humor, 6 tétel; önmegerősítő humor, 6 tétel; önvédő humor, 5 tétel; agresszív humor, 5 tétel) elfogadható belső konzisztenciával (Cronbach-alfa: 0,72–0,85) bír. Életkori és iskolázottsági különbségeket sikerült kimutatni, nemi és lakóhelyi különbségeket viszont nem. Az alskálák interkorrelációi a más nyelvi változatok esetében leírtakhoz hasonlóan alakultak. Következtetések A HSQ-H a különböző humor stílusok rövid és megbízható mérőeszközének bizonyult. A kérdőív alaposabb megértéséhez további pszichometriai vizsgálatok szükségesek

Spontaneous Ventilation Combined with Double-Lumen Tube Intubation during Thoracic Surgery: A New Anesthesiologic Method Based on 141 Cases over Three Years

Background: Non-intubated thoracic surgery has not achieved widespread acceptance despite its potential to improve postoperative outcomes. To ensure airway safety, our institute has developed a technique combining spontaneous ventilation with double-lumen tube intubation (SVI). This study aimed to verify the feasibility and limitations of this SVI technique. Methods: For the SVI method, anesthesia induction involves fentanyl and propofol target-controlled infusion, with mivacurium administration. Bispectral index monitoring was used to ensure the optimal depth of anesthesia. Short-term muscle relaxation facilitated double-lumen tube intubation and early surgical steps. Chest opening preceded local infiltration, followed by a vagal nerve blockade to prevent the cough reflex and a paravertebral blockade for pain relief. Subsequently, the muscle relaxant was ceased. The patient underwent spontaneous breathing without coughing during surgical manipulation. Results: Between 10 March 2020 and 28 October 2022, 141 SVI surgeries were performed. Spontaneous respiration with positive end-expiratory pressure was sufficient in 65.96% (93/141) of cases, whereas 31.21% (44/141) required pressure support ventilation. Only 2.84% (4/141) of cases reversed to conventional anesthetic management, owing to technical or surgical difficulties. Results of the 141 cases: The mean maximal carbon dioxide pressure was 59.01 (34.4–92.9) mmHg, and the mean lowest oxygen saturation was 93.96% (81–100%). The mean one-lung, mechanical and spontaneous one-lung ventilation time was 74.88 (20–140), 17.55 (0–115) and 57.73 (0–130) min, respectively. Conclusions: Spontaneous ventilation with double-lumen tube intubation is safe and feasible for thoracic surgery. The mechanical one-lung ventilation time was reduced by 76.5%, and the rate of anesthetic conversion to relaxation was low (2.8%)

Evaluating protected area effectiveness using bird lists in the Australian Wet Tropics

AimProtected areas underpin many global conservation efforts. However, it is often unclear whether they are effective in maintaining their biodiversity values, both absolutely, and also relative to other conservation actions or land uses. Longitudinal population data are critical for determining protected area performance robustly, but such data are rare. As such, there is often insufficient information with which to make adequate, informed decisions for policy and management. Conversely, informally collected data, such as species lists, are common, especially for birds, and they are often the only source of historical data. The aim of this study was to use list data to evaluate the contribution of protected areas to the conservation of endemic birds