Estudio del efecto de una bebida de reposición con antioxidantes polifenólicos sobre el estrés oxidativo en deportistas

Aunque son ampliamente conocidos los beneficios que se derivan del ejercicio físico, también existe considerable evidencia de que, durante su práctica, aumenta la producción de radicales libres (RL) que producen daño oxidativo en el tejido muscular, hígado, sangre, y posiblemente, en otras estructuras (Davies et al., 1982). En el organismo existe un equilibro entre los RL que se están formando constantemente y las sustancias con actividad antioxidante, cuando este equilibrio se rompe en el sentido que aumenta la cantidad de RL originados y/o las sustancias con actividad antioxidante son insuficientes para capturarlos aparece el llamado estrés oxidativo. Recientemente, se ha incrementado sustancialmente el interés de este tópico, así como en los efectos de las terapias antioxidantes. Dado que el daño oxidativo es un hecho real en el ejercicio o durante una actividad extenuante, especialmente en individuos no entrenados, los efectos de la suplementación antioxidantes y el rendimiento es controvertida, y probablemente, de escaso efecto, es evidente que los antioxidantes y el rendimiento es controvertida y, probablemente, de escaso efecto, es evidente que los antioxidante previenen algunos de los daños oxidativos inducidos por el ejercicio. El objetivo general de este trabajo es evaluar el efecto de los antixoidantes mayoritariamente polifonolicos contenidos en una bebida de reposición diseñada para deportistas sobre el estrés oxidativo provocado en el laboratorio en un grupo de ciclistas profesionales. Los objetivos concretos consisten en analizar dicho efecto a través de diversos marcadores de estrés oxidativo como son: * El estado antioxidante total * Productos de peroxidación lipídica * Productos de oxidación proteica. * Nievels de actividad de las enzimas lactatodeshidrogenasa y crantinaquinasa. El análisis de los biomarcadores anteriores nos permitirá evaluar los métodos de laboratorio que mejorActividad Física y DeporteCiencias de la AlimentaciónTerapia y Rehabilitació

Dietary Factors Associated with Frailty in Old Adults: A Review of Nutritional Interventions to Prevent Frailty Development

Frailty syndrome is a medical condition that is characterised by a functional decline, usually from 65 years old on, and creates the need for assistance to perform daily living activities. As the population ages, the need for specialised geriatric care will increase immensely, and consequently, the need for specialised services for the care of these people will increase accordingly. From a nutritional point of view, to control or balance the nutritional status of residents will be essential in order to prevent sarcopenia and, consequently, frailty development. In this line, previous studies have highlighted the association among low energy intake, inadequate intake of protein and vitamin D, and an increased risk of frailty development. However, there is a lack of intervention studies on frail patients, especially in the realm of quality clinical trials. The few studies performed to date seem to indicate that there is a protective role of protein supplementation against frailty syndrome. In this regard, it is tempting to suggest daily 30 g protein supplements to prevent frailty. However, it is well established that excess protein can also be harmful; therefore, specific individual characteristics should be considered before prescribing these supplements. On the other hand, the relevance of other nutritional interventions, such as vitamin D, omega-3, and medium-chain triglycerides, is much more scarce in the literature. Therefore, we encourage the development of new clinical trials to carry out effective therapies to prevent frailty development

Cognitive Training Therapy Improves the Effect of Hypocaloric Treatment on Subjects with Overweight/Obesity: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Obesity has been associated with impaired cognitive performance. This study aimed to determine whether improvements in cognitive function may contribute to higher weight loss in patients with obesity. In this randomised, 12-week trial, participants with overweight/obesity were randomised into a cognitive training intervention (Cognitive) group or a cognitive-behavioural (Control) group. In addition, both groups followed a hypocaloric dietary treatment. Cognitive functioning measurements and anthropometrical parameters were evaluated. All cognitive measures improved in the intervention group (p < 0.005 in all contrasts). In controls, significant improvements in attention, flexibility and task planning were also observed. Regarding anthropometrical parameters, the effect of the intervention in the cognitive group was higher for the total percentage of weight loss, body mass index (BMI), body fat and waist circumference. Biochemical parameters improved in both groups. Attending to our data, cognitive training was more effective that the hypocaloric intervention alone, partly related to an improvement in the working memory. Despite the shortage of training interventions for executive functions in the context of weight control, this type of combined intervention could establish the first steps towards a more appropriate intervention for patients with obesity

Sixteen Weeks of Supplementation with a Nutritional Quantity of a Diversity of Polyphenols from Foodstuff Extracts Improves the Health-Related Quality of Life of Overweight and Obese Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Clinical Trial

Overweight and obesity adversely affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL) through day-to-day impairments of both mental and physical functioning. It is assumed that polyphenols within the Mediterranean diet may contribute to improving HRQOL. This investigation aimed at studying the effects of a polyphenol-rich ingredient on HRQOL in overweight and obese but otherwise healthy individuals. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study including 72 volunteers was conducted. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive for a 16-week period either 900 mg/day of the supplement or a placebo. Dietary recommendations were individually determined and intakes were recorded. Daily physical mobility was also monitored. Improvement of HRQOL was set as the primary outcome and assessed at baseline and at the end of the investigation using the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) health survey. Body composition was analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Physical activity was calculated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). After 16 weeks, despite there being no adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS), supplemented individuals experienced significant HRQOL improvement (+5.3%; p = 0.001), including enhanced perceived physical (+11.2%; p = 0.002) and mental health (+4.1%; p = 0.021) components, with bodily pain, vitality, and general health being the greatest contributors. Body fat mass significantly decreased (−1.2 kg; p = 0.033), mainly within the trunk area (−1.0 kg; p = 0.002). Engagement in physical activity significantly increased (+1308 Met-min (Metabolic Equivalent Task minutes)/week; p = 0.050). Hence, chronic supplementation with nutritional diversity and dosing of a Mediterranean diet-inspired, polyphenol-rich ingredient resulted in significant amelioration in both perceived physical and mental health, concomitant with the improvement of body composition, in healthy subjects with excessive adiposity