The Effect of Organic-cr Dietary Supplementation on Stress Response in Transport-stressed Beef Cattle

Transportation over long distances resulted in stress at animal. Under these circumstances, animalusually manifest depression and the impact on physiological condition changes and loss of body weight.The objectives of the research were to examine effect supplementation of organic-Cr type into diets intransport-stress beef cattle on physiological condition, haematochemical (included were haematologicalcondition and blood chemical) and body weight changes. The experiment was conducted using 16 beefcattle those were transported by truck for a distance of 400 km from Malangbong to Tangerang. Theexperiment was arranged by Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and four replications.The dietary treatments consisted of R0 (basal diet without Cr supplemented), R1 (R0+3ppm organic-Crresulted of alkali hydrolysis), R2 (R0+3 ppm organic-Cr resulted from bioprocess), R3 (R0+3 ppmorganic-Cr resulted from bioremediation). The result indicated that type of organic-Cr supplementationat 3 ppm in diet did not influence physiological condition, haematochemical and body weight at beefcattle transported for seven hours. There was indication that beef cattle fed on control diet (without Cr)showed a stress symptom, their loss of body weight were higher (5.41%) compared to beef given dietcontains organic-Cr (3.72%, 5.04% and 4.83%, respectively for R1, R2 and R3)

Pasting profiles of native and freezing/thawing-treated waxy rice starches.

<p>Pasting profiles of native and freezing/thawing-treated waxy rice starches.</p

XRD patterns of native and freezing/thawing-treated waxy rice starches.

<p>XRD patterns of native and freezing/thawing-treated waxy rice starches.</p

Gelatinization thermodynamic parameters of native and freezing/thawing-treated waxy rice starches ^a.

<p>All data represent the mean of three determinations.</p><p>Values are means ± standard derivation.</p><p>Values with the same letters in the same column are not significantly differently (P < 0.05).</p><p>^a<i>T</i>_<i>o</i>, <i>T</i>_<i>p</i> and <i>T</i>_<i>c</i> are the temperatures of the onset, peak and conclusion of gelatinization, respectively. <i>T</i>_<i>c</i>-<i>T</i>_<i>o</i> is the temperatures range of gelatinization; and Δ<i>H</i> is the enthalpy change of gelatinization.</p><p>Gelatinization thermodynamic parameters of native and freezing/thawing-treated waxy rice starches <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0127138#t002fn004" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Genome-wide identification and classification of <i>MYB</i> superfamily genes in peach

<div><p>The MYB transcription factor superfamily is one of the largest superfamilies modulating various biological processes in plants. Over the past few decades, many <i>MYB</i> superfamily genes have been identified and characterized in some plant species. However, genes belonging to the MYB superfamily in peach (<i>Prunus persica</i>) have not been comprehensively identified and characterized although the genome sequences of peach were released several years ago. In total, this study yielded a set of 256 <i>MYB</i> superfamily genes that was divided into five subfamilies: the R2R3-MYB (2R-MYB), R1R2R3-MYB (3R-MYB), MYB-related (1R-MYB), 4R-MYB, and Atypical-MYB subfamilies. These subfamilies contained 128, 4, 109, 1, and 14 members, respectively. The 128 R2R3-MYB subfamily genes in peach were further clustered into 35 groups, and the 109 MYB-related subfamily genes were further clustered into 6 groups: the CCA1-like, CPC-like, TBP-like, I-box-binding-like, R-R-type, and Peach-specific groups. The motif compositions and exon/intron structures within each group within the R2R3-MYB or MYB-related subfamily in peach were highly conserved. The logo sequences of the R2 and R3 repeats of R2R3-MYB subfamily members were highly conserved with those in these repeats of several other plant species. Except for 48 novel peach-specific <i>MYB</i> genes, the remaining 208 out of 256 <i>MYB</i> genes in peach were conserved with the corresponding 198 <i>MYB</i> genes in <i>A</i>. <i>thaliana</i>. Additionally, the 256 <i>MYB</i> genes unevenly distributed on chromosomes 1 to 8 of the peach genome. Eighty-one orthologous pairs of peach/<i>A</i>. <i>thaliana MYB</i> genes were identified among 256 <i>MYB</i> genes in peach and 198 <i>MYB</i> genes in <i>A</i>. <i>thaliana</i> in this study. In addition, 146 pairs of paralogous <i>MYB</i> genes were identified on the eight chromosomes of peach. The expression levels of some of the 51 <i>MYB</i> genes selected for qRT-PCR analysis decreased or increased with red-fleshed fruit development, while the expression patterns of some genes followed no clear rules over the five developmental stages of fruits. This study laid the foundation for further functional analysis of <i>MYB</i> superfamily genes in peach and enriched the knowledge of <i>MYB</i> superfamily genes in plant species.</p></div

Summary of results from DMC, AP, DS and RC determination for native and freezing/thawing-treated starches ^a.

<p>All data represent the mean of three determinations.</p><p>Values are means ± standard derivation.</p><p>Values with the same letters in the same column are not significantly differently (P < 0.05).</p><p>^a DMC, AP, DS, and RC are the dry matter concentration, amylopectin, damaged starch, and relative crystallinity, respectively.</p><p>The DMC and AP contents estimate in supernatants.</p><p>Summary of results from DMC, AP, DS and RC determination for native and freezing/thawing-treated starches <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0127138#t001fn004" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Pasting characteristics of native and freezing/thawing-treated waxy rice starches ^a.

<p>All data represent the mean of three determinations.</p><p>Values are means ± standard derivation.</p><p>Means with the same letters in a column do not differ significantly (p < 0.05).</p><p>^a PV, TV, BV, FV, and SV are the peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, and setback viscosity, respectively. PT is pasting temperature.</p><p>Pasting characteristics of native and freezing/thawing-treated waxy rice starches <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0127138#t003fn004" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Proportions of RDS, SDS, and RS in samples ^a.

<p>All data represent the mean of three determinations.</p><p>Values are means ± standard derivation.</p><p>Means with the same letters in a column do not differ significantly (p < 0.05).</p><p>^a RDS, SDS, and RS are rapidly digested starch, slowly digested starch, and resistant starch, respectively.</p><p>Proportions of RDS, SDS, and RS in samples <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0127138#t004fn004" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

The locations and lengths of exons/introns of peach 1R-MYB, 4R-MYB, and Atypical-MYB subfamily genes.

<p>The exons and introns are presented as filled yellow sticks and thin gray single lines, respectively. Upstream and downstream regions are represented by dark blue bars at the two ends of sequences. The red brace on the right marks the members of each group of the 1R-MYB, 4R-MYB, and Atypical-MYB subfamilies in peach.</p

Motif distribution of peach R2R3-MYB subfamily and R1R2R3-MYB (3R-MYB) subfamily proteins.

<p>Motifs of the R2R3-MYB and R1R2R3-MYB subfamily proteins were analyzed using the MEME web server. Fifteen kinds of colored blocks represent 15 kinds of motifs. The length of the gray line indicates the length of a sequence relative to that of all the other sequences. The position of each block indicates the location of a motif with a matching sequence. The red brace on the right marks the members of each group of the R2R3-MYB and R1R2R3-MYB subfamilies in peach.</p