3,906 research outputs found
A Fully Automatic Segmentation Method for Breast Ultrasound Images
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death of women worldwide. Accurate lesion boundary detection is important for breast cancer diagnosis. Since many crucial features for discriminating benign and malignant lesions are based on the contour, shape, and texture of the lesion, an accurate segmentation method is essential for a successful diagnosis. Ultrasound is an effective screening tool and primarily useful for differentiating benign and malignant lesions. However, due to inherent speckle noise and low contrast of breast ultrasound imaging, automatic lesion segmentation is still a challenging task. This research focuses on developing a novel, effective, and fully automatic lesion segmentation method for breast ultrasound images. By incorporating empirical domain knowledge of breast structure, a region of interest is generated. Then, a novel enhancement algorithm (using a novel phase feature) and a newly developed neutrosophic clustering method are developed to detect the precise lesion boundary. Neutrosophy is a recently introduced branch of philosophy that deals with paradoxes, contradictions, antitheses, and antinomies. When neutrosophy is used to segment images with vague boundaries, its unique ability to deal with uncertainty is brought to bear. In this work, we apply neutrosophy to breast ultrasound image segmentation and propose a new clustering method named neutrosophic l-means. We compare the proposed method with traditional fuzzy c-means clustering and three other well-developed segmentation methods for breast ultrasound images, using the same database. Both accuracy and time complexity are analyzed. The proposed method achieves the best accuracy (TP rate is 94.36%, FP rate is 8.08%, and similarity rate is 87.39%) with a fairly rapid processing speed (about 20 seconds). Sensitivity analysis shows the robustness of the proposed method as well. Cases with multiple-lesions and severe shadowing effect (shadow areas having similar intensity values of the lesion and tightly connected with the lesion) are not included in this study
Environmental benefits of China\u27s entertainment and media market: implications for sustainability
The fundamental role of entertainment and media in the field of
environment cannot be denied in this digitalised world. The world
faces various environmental issues, and people need to spread
awareness about these diseases and precautionary measures.
Entertainment and media play a crucial role in spreading information
among the masses. The strength of entertainment and media
can significantly influence environmental sustainability. Very limited
studies have explored this dimension. Hence, our research is
covering this vacuum by investigating the role of entertainment
and media on the environment in the case of China by using
the data from 1998 to 2020. The study explores this nexus by
employing the ARDL approach that reports that entertainment
and media are significant determinants of environmental quality
both in the long-run and short-run. Thus, it is suggested that policymakers
need to formulate policies that ensure inclusive usage
of entertainment and media in society
Nonlocal magnon spin transport in yttrium iron garnet with tantalum and platinum spin injection/detection electrodes
We study the magnon spin transport in the magnetic insulator yttrium iron
garnet (YIG) in a nonlocal experiment and compare the magnon spin excitation
and detection for the heavy metal paramagnetic electrodes platinum (Pt|YIG|Pt)
and tantalum (Ta|YIG|Ta). The electrical injection and detection processes rely
on the (inverse) spin Hall effect in the heavy metals and the conversion
between the electron spin and magnon spin at the heavy metal|YIG interface. Pt
and Ta possess opposite signs of the spin Hall angle. Furthermore, their
heterostructures with YIG have different interface properties, i.e. spin mixing
conductances. By varying the distance between injector and detector, the magnon
spin transport is studied. Using a circuit model based on the
diffusion-relaxation transport theory, a similar magnon relaxation length of ~
10 \mu m was extracted from both Pt and Ta devices. By changing the injector
and detector material from Pt to Ta, the influence of interface properties on
the magnon spin transport has been observed. For Ta devices on YIG the spin
mixing conductance is reduced compared with Pt devices, which is quantitatively
consistent when comparing the dependence of the nonlocal signal on the
injector-detector distance with the prediction from the circuit model.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
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