Inter-Rater Variability in the Evaluation of Lung Ultrasound in Videos Acquired from COVID-19 Patients

12 páginas, 7 figuras, 1 tablaLung ultrasound (LUS) allows for the detection of a series of manifestations of COVID-19, such as B-lines and consolidations. The objective of this work was to study the inter-rater reliability (IRR) when detecting signs associated with COVID-19 in the LUS, as well as the performance of the test in a longitudinal or transverse orientation. Thirty-three physicians with advanced experience in LUS independently evaluated ultrasound videos previously acquired using the ULTRACOV system on 20 patients with confirmed COVID-19. For each patient, 24 videos of 3 s were acquired (using 12 positions with the probe in longitudinal and transverse orientations). The physicians had no information about the patients or other previous evaluations. The score assigned to each acquisition followed the convention applied in previous studies. A substantial IRR was found in the cases of normal LUS (κ = 0.74), with only a fair IRR for the presence of individual B-lines (κ = 0.36) and for confluent B-lines occupying 50% (κ = 0.50). No statistically significant differences between the longitudinal and transverse scans were found. The IRR for LUS of COVID-19 patients may benefit from more standardized clinical protocols.This research was partially funded by CDTI (Spanish acronym: Centre for Industrial Tech- nological Development), funding number COI-20201153. Partially supported by the Google Cloud Research Credits program with the funding number GCP19980904, by the project RTI2018-099118- A-I00 founded by MCIU/AEI/FEDER UE and by the European Commission–NextGenerationEU, through CSIC’s Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global)

Registro Español de Trasplante Cardiaco. XXXI Informe Oficial de la Asociación de Insuficiencia Cardiaca de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología

Introducción y objetivos Se presentan las características clínicas y los resultados de los trasplantes cardiacos realizados en España con la actualización correspondiente a 2019. Métodos Se describen las características clínicas y los resultados de los trasplantes cardiacos realizados en 2019, así como las tendencias de estos en el periodo 2010-2018. Resultados En 2019 se realizaron 300 trasplantes (8.794 desde 1984; 2.745 entre 2010 y 2019). Respecto a años previos, los cambios más llamativos son el descenso hasta el 38% de los trasplantes realizados en código urgente, y la consolidación en el cambio de asistencia circulatoria pretrasplante, con la práctica desaparición del balón de contrapulsación (0, 7%), la estabilización del uso del oxigenador extracorpóreo de membrana (9, 6%) y el aumento de los dispositivos de asistencia ventricular (29%). La supervivencia en el trienio 2016-2018 es similar a la del trienio 2013-2015 (p = 0, 34), y ambas mejores que la del trienio 2010-2012 (p = 0, 002 y p = 0, 01 respectivamente). Conclusiones Se mantienen estables tanto la actividad del trasplante cardiaco en España como los resultados en supervivencia en los últimos 2 trienios. Hay una tendencia a realizar menos trasplantes urgentes, la mayoría con dispositivos de asistencia ventricular. Introduction and objectives: The present report describes the clinical characteristics and outcomes of heart transplants in Spain and updates the data to 2019. Methods: We describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of heart transplants performed in Spain in 2019, as well as trends in this procedure from 2010 to 2018. Results: In 2019, 300 transplants were performed (8794 since 1984; 2745 between 2010 and 2019). Compared with previous years, the most notable findings were the decreasing rate of urgent transplants (38%), and the consolidation of the type of circulatory support prior to transplant, with an almost complete disappearance of counterpulsation balloon (0.7%), stabilization in the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (9.6%), and an increase in the use of ventricular assist devices (29.0%). Survival from 2016 to 2018 was similar to that from 2013 to 2015 (P = .34). Survival in both these periods was better than that from 2010 to 2012 (P = .002 and P = .01, respectively). Conclusions: Heart transplant activity has remained stable during the last few years, as have outcomes (in terms of survival). There has been a trend to a lower rate of urgent transplants and to a higher use of ventricular assist devices prior to transplant

VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

Acta de congresoLa conmemoración de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentó como una ocasión propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teoría y la crítica en la formación y en la práctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas. En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyó un espacio de intercambio y reflexión cuya realización ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, contando además con la activa participación de mayoría de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del país y la región. Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temáticas de carácter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades. En el ámbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de Córdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigación y la formación en historia, teoría y crítica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumándose el aporte realizado a través de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa Agüero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates. El evento recibió el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la Secretaría de Investigación y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como así también de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento

Leakage Energy Reduction in Value Predictors through Static Decay

submicron (below 90nm), static power becomes a new challenge to address for energy-efficient high performance processors, especially for large on-chip array structures such as caches and prediction tables. Value Prediction appeared as an effective way of increasing processor performance by overcoming data dependences, but at the risk of becoming a thermal hot spot due to the additional power dissipation. This paper proposes the design of low-leakage Value Predictors by applying static decay techniques in order to disable unused entries from the prediction tables. We explore decay strategies suited for the three most common Value Predictors (STP, FCM and DFCM) studying the particular tradeoffs for these prediction structures. Our mechanism reduces VP leakage energy efficiently without compromising VP accuracy nor processor performance. Results show average leakage energy reductions of 52%, 65 % and 75 % for the STP, DFCM and FCM Valu

A Modelling the impact of permanent faults in caches

The traditional performance-cost benefits we have enjoyed for decades from technology scaling are challenged by several critical constraints including reliability. Increases in static and dynamic variations are leading to higher probability of parametric and wear-out failures and are elevating reliability into a prime design constraint. In particular, SRAM cells used to build caches, that dominate processor area, are usually minimum sized and more prone to failure. It is, therefore, of paramount importance to develop effective methodologies that facilitate the exploration of reliability techniques for caches. To this end, we present an analytical model that can determine for a given cache configuration, address trace, and random probability of permanent cell failure the exact expected miss rate and its standard deviation when blocks with faulty bits are disabled. What distinguishes our model is that it is fully analytical, it avoids the use of fault maps, and yet, it is both exact and simpler than previous approaches. The analytical model is used to produce the miss-rate trends (expected miss-rate) for future technology nodes for both uncorrelated and clustered faults. Some of the key findings based on the proposed model are: (i) block disabling has negligible impact on the expected miss-rate unless probability of failure is equal or greater than 2.6e-4, (ii) the fault map methodology can accurately calculate the expected miss-rate as long as 1,000 to 10,000 fault maps are used, and (iii) the expected miss-rate for parallel applications execution increases with the number of threads and is more pronounced for a given probability of failure as compared to sequential execution

Efficient Microarchitecture Policies for Accurately Adapting to Power Constraints

In the past years Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) has been an effective technique that allowed microprocessors to match a predefined power budget. However, as process technology shrinks, DVFS becomes less effective (because of the increasing leakage power) and it is getting closer to a point where DVFS won’t be useful at all (when static power exceeds dynamic power). In this paper we propose the use of microarchitectural techniques to accurately match a power constraint while maximizing the energy efficiency of the processor. We will predict the processor power consumption at a basic block level, using the consumed power translated into tokens to select between different power-saving microarchitectural techniques. These techniques are orthogonal to DVFS so they can be simultaneously applied. We propose a two-level approach where DVFS acts as a coarse-grained technique to lower the average power while microarchitectural techniques remove all the power spikes efficiently. Experimental results show that the use of power-saving microarchitectural techniques in conjunction with DVFS is up to six times more precise, in terms of total energy consumed (area) over the power budget, than using DVFS alone for matching a predefined power budget. Furthermore, in a near future DVFS will become DFS because lowering the supply voltage will be too expensive in terms of leakage power. At that point, the use of power-saving microarchitectural techniques will become even more energy efficient. 1

Adaptive VP Decay: Making Value Predictors Leakage-efficient Designs for High Performance Processors

Energy-efficient microprocessor designs are one of the major concerns in both high performance and embedded processor domains. Furthermore, as process technology advances toward deep submicron, static power dissipation becomes a new challenge to address, especially for large on-chip array structures such as caches or prediction tables. Value prediction emerged in the recent past as a very effective way of increasing processor performance by overcoming data dependences. The more accurate the value predictor is the more performance is obtained, at the expense of becoming a source of power consumption and a thermal hot spot, and therefore increasing its leakage. Recent techniques, aimed at reducing the leakage power of array structures such as caches, either switch off (non-state preserving) or reduce the voltage level (statepreserving) of unused array portions. In this paper we propose the design of leakage-efficient value predictors by applying adaptive decay techniques in order to disable unused entries in the prediction tables. As value predictors are implemented as non-tagged structures an adaptive decay scheme has no way to precisely determine the induced miss-ratio due to prematurely decaying an entry. This paper explores adaptive decay strategies suited for the particularities of value predictors (Stride, DFCM and FCM) studying the tradeoffs for these prediction structures, that exhibit different pattern access behaviour than caches, in order to reduce their leakage energy efficiently compromising neither VP accuracy nor the speedup provided. Results show average leakage energy reductions of 52%, 70 % and 80 % for the Stride, DFCM and FCM value predictors of 20 KB respectively

Volatile Characterization of Recovery Minority Grape Varieties from Castilla-La Mancha Region (Spain)

Nowadays, the identification and characterization of grapevine cultivars resilient to climate and water stress while preserving quality traits is crucial for the wine industry. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize according to their aromatic potential nine white and six red minority cultivars recently recovered from Castilla-La Mancha region (Spain), subjected to two different water-deficit regimes: rainfed, with subsistence irrigation, and irrigated. For this, the varietal aromatic potential index (IPAv) and the detailed aromatic composition were analyzed via HS-SBSE-GC/MS in extracts of two different pHs. For IPAv values, red varieties did not show a clear trend with respect to irrigation. However, in white minority varieties, higher values were obtained under irrigation conditions. Thus, a clear differentiation of the minority varieties in comparison to the references was observed, primarily attributed to the content of esters and acids, in both white and red varieties. A notable contrast was observed at different pHs, indicating a greater extractability of certain compounds like linalool, under more acidic conditions. This suggests that some recovered minority cultivars could be promising for cultivation in semi-arid regions with limited water, contributing to the sustainability of the wine sector in the future