Reading Practices of Students of the Metropolitan Metropolis: “Amateurs” and “Pragmatists”

Modern social processes (globalization, urbanization, digitalization, succession of generations and others) actualize public and scientific attention to students’ reading culture, reading practices and their various aspects (gender, social, economic, and others). The issue of culture of reading, reading practices, their features and structure is a topical and relatively under-developed topic of interdisciplinary analysis. These phenomena are considered in sociology within the framework of some concepts: as a separate type of practice in the process of personal literacy formation, through the connection of cultural heritage and social class, through the analysis of subjective and existential meanings of the reading experience, and others. It is interesting to study the reading practices of students due to the specificity of the subject-object role of this social group in the process of cultural intergenerational continuity. The article highlights the results of an empirical study conducted among students of Moscow universities. Two types of students’ attitudes to works of fiction are revealed: pragmatic and value-reflective. The characteristics of these two groups are given, compared with other indicators (love of reading, reading as pleasure, volume of reading, genres of fiction, and others). The main conclusions and results presented in the publication will be of interest to teachers, scientists, representatives of state and public organizations and specifically to students

Josephson diode effect from Cooper pair momentum in a topological semimetal

Cooper pairs in non-centrosymmetric superconductors can acquire finite centre-of-mass momentum in the presence of an external magnetic field. Recent theory predicts that such finite-momentum pairing can lead to an asymmetric critical current, where a dissipationless supercurrent can flow along one direction but not in the opposite one. Here we report the discovery of a giant Josephson diode effect in Josephson junctions formed from a type-II Dirac semimetal, NiTe2. A distinguishing feature is that the asymmetry in the critical current depends sensitively on the magnitude and direction of an applied magnetic field and achieves its maximum value when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the current and is of the order of just 10 mT. Moreover, the asymmetry changes sign several times with an increasing field. These characteristic features are accounted for by a model based on finite-momentum Cooper pairing that largely originates from the Zeeman shift of spin-helical topological surface states. The finite pairing momentum is further established, and its value determined, from the evolution of the interference pattern under an in-plane magnetic field. The observed giant magnitude of the asymmetry in critical current and the clear exposition of its underlying mechanism paves the way to build novel superconducting computing devices using the Josephson diode effect

Тактика интенсивной терапии при желудочно-кишечных кровотечениях на фоне портальной гипертензии

Introduction. Gastrointestinal bleeding is currently one of the most significant pathologies indicating lethality. Factors in the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding include the spread of gastrointestinal diseases caused by eating disorders, Helicobacter Pylori infection and routine use of anticoagulants. The various causes leading to the development and level of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract require a differentiated therapeutic approach. In addition to surgical haemostasis, pharmacological support is also required. In the article, we consider medicamentous therapeutic approaches to bleeding due to phlebeurysm, which is one of the most common causes of gastrointestinal bleeding. This problem is very relevant due to the spread of hepatitis and alimentary toxicity having cirrhosis as the outcome.Materials and methods. The review considers the priority methods for treatment of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, depending on the etiopathogenetic factors.Conclusion. Adequate pharmacotherapy of bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus is more important than surgical interventions, both for prevention and for haemostasis and subsequent control of the development of re-bleeding. Obviously, the use of vasoactive drugs improves the prognosis and effectiveness of endoscopic ligation of esophageal varicose veins, balloon tamponade, portosystemic shunting, and beta-blockers play a significant role in primary and secondary prevention.Введение. В настоящее время одной из значимых патологий, обусловливающих летальность, является желудочно-кишечное кровотечение. Факторами роста частоты развития кровотечений стало как распространение гастроинтестинальной патологии ввиду нарушений пищевого поведения, инфицирования Helicobacter pylori, так и рутинное использование в амбулаторной практике антикоагулянтов. Различные причины, приведшие к развитию кровотечения, уровень поражения ЖКТ требуют дифференцированного подхода к терапии. Помимо хирургического гемостаза пациентам требуется также фармакологическая поддержка. Здесь мы рассмотрим подходы к медикаментозной терапии одного из наиболее распространенных вариантов желудочно-кишечного кровотечения — кровотечения из варикозно расширенных вен пищевода. Данная проблема наиболее актуальна в связи с распространением гепатитов вирусной этиологии, а также алиментарно-токсического генеза, имеющих в исходе цирроз печени.Материалы и методы. В обзоре рассмотрены приоритетные методики терапии пациентов с желудочно-кишечным кровотечением в зависимости от этиопатогенетических факторов.Заключение. Адекватная фармакотерапия кровотечения из варикозно расширенных вен пищевода имеет большее значение, нежели хирургические вмешательства, как для профилактики, так и для гемостаза и последующего контроля развития повторного кровотечения. Очевидно, что применение вазоактивных препаратов улучшает прогноз и эффективность применения эндоскопического лигирования варикозно расширенных вен пищевода, баллонной тампонады, портосистемного шунтирования, а бета-адреноблокаторы играют значимую роль в первичной и вторичной профилактике

Экстрапульмональные состояния, сопутствующие бронхолегочной дисплазии, у детей первых 3 лет жизни: результаты ретроспективного одномоментного исследования

Background: There are few data on co-occurring with bronchopulmonary dysplasia diseases but there is no single point of view on their mutual effect.Objective: Our aim was to learn the structure and frequency of extrapulmonary disease, concomitant of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, in children aged up to 3 years.Methods. A retrospective analysis of histories of 93 children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia with an analysis of the consequences of perinatal pathology structure was carried out.Results. On average, each patient with bronchopulmonary dysplasia accounted for 5 comorbidities. The most common (89; 96%) were perinatal lesions of the nervous system and their consequences. In children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia at the age of 3 years there was a relatively low incidence of hydrocephalus and, on the contrary, high — of infantile cerebral palsy. Violations of the organs of vision were found in 58 (62%) children, malnutrition and other violations of physical development — in 58 (62%) and 27 (29%), respectively, and the cardiovascular system pathology — in 59 (63%).Conclusion. The most commonly, extrapulmonary pathology, co-occuring with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, includes neurological deficit with psychomotor retardation, violations of organs of vision, pathology of the cardiovascular system, malnutrition/delay in physical development.Имеются немногочисленные сведения о коморбидных бронхолегочной дисплазии заболеваниях. Единая точка зрения на их взаимное влияние отсутствует.Цель исследования: изучить структуру и частоту встречаемости экстрапульмональной патологии, сопутствующей бронхолегочной дисплазии, у детей в возрасте до 3 лет.Методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ историй болезни 93 детей с бронхолегочной дисплазией с анализом структуры последствий перинатальной патологии.Результаты. В среднем на каждого пациента с бронхолегочной дисплазией приходилось по 5 сопутствующих заболеваний. Наиболее часто (у 89; 96%) встречались перинатальные поражения нервной системы и их последствия. У детей с бронхолегочной дисплазией в возрасте 3 лет отмечена относительно низкая частота встречаемости гидроцефалии и, напротив, высокая — детского церебрального паралича. Нарушения со стороны органов зрения выявлены у 58 (62%) детей, пониженное питание и другие нарушения физического развития — у 58 (62%) и 27 (29%) соответственно, патология сердечно-сосудистой системы — у 59 (63%).Заключение. Наиболее часто экстрапульмональная патология, сопутствующая бронхолегочной дисплазии, включает неврологический дефицит c задержкой психомоторного развития, поражение органов зрения, патологию со стороны сердечно-сосудистой системы, пониженное питание/задержку физического развития

Abstracts from the 8th International Conference on cGMP Generators, Effectors and Therapeutic Implications

This work was supported by a restricted research grant of Bayer AG

Intensive Care Tactics for Reducing Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Context of Portal Hypertension

Introduction. Gastrointestinal bleeding is currently one of the most significant pathologies indicating lethality. Factors in the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding include the spread of gastrointestinal diseases caused by eating disorders, Helicobacter Pylori infection and routine use of anticoagulants. The various causes leading to the development and level of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract require a differentiated therapeutic approach. In addition to surgical haemostasis, pharmacological support is also required. In the article, we consider medicamentous therapeutic approaches to bleeding due to phlebeurysm, which is one of the most common causes of gastrointestinal bleeding. This problem is very relevant due to the spread of hepatitis and alimentary toxicity having cirrhosis as the outcome.Materials and methods. The review considers the priority methods for treatment of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, depending on the etiopathogenetic factors.Conclusion. Adequate pharmacotherapy of bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus is more important than surgical interventions, both for prevention and for haemostasis and subsequent control of the development of re-bleeding. Obviously, the use of vasoactive drugs improves the prognosis and effectiveness of endoscopic ligation of esophageal varicose veins, balloon tamponade, portosystemic shunting, and beta-blockers play a significant role in primary and secondary prevention

Hygienische Beschaffenheit von entsalztem Wasser, das in Filter-Presse-Anlagen mit umgekehrter Osmose gewonnen wurde

Die organoleptischen sowie wichtigsten sanitären und chemischen Gütewerte von entsalztem Wasser, das durch umgekehrte Osmose gewonnen wurde, hängen von der Selektivität und Verwendungszeit der benutzten Zelluloseazetatmembranen ab. Fehlerfreie Zelluloseazetatmembranen mit über 80 - 90 % NaCl-Selektivität gewährleisten beim Entsalzen von Grubenbrackwasser mit einem Gesamtsalzgehalt von unter 5 g/l und eine Bor- und Bromgehalt von nicht mehr als 1,2 und 1,0 mg/l Trinkwasser, das den Normvorschriften des Staatlichen Unionsstandards "Trinkwasser" entspricht. Die Gewinnung von entsalztem Trinkwasser (entsprechend den organoleptischen, physikalisch-chemischen sowie sanitären und mikrobiologischen Werten) durch umgekehrte Osmose aus Salz-(Meer-)Wasser mit einem hohen Gehalt an Spurenelementen (insbesondere Bor und Brom) kann sichergestellt werden, wenn Qualität und Selektivität der semipermeablen Membranen verbessert und spezifische Stoffe gefunden werden, die Bor und Brom rückhalten können

Materialien für experimentelle Untersuchungen zur hygienischen Bewertung der Wasserentsalzung durch umgekehrte Osmose

hygienische Bewertung der Wasserentsalzung durch umgekehrte Osmos

IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTION OF MYELOPIDUM UNDER ITS INCLUSION IN COMPLEX THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH PENETRATING OCULAR INJURIES

Abstract. Examination of immunomodulatory actions and clinical efficiency of myelopidum when included into complex therapy that was carried out in 24 male patients with severe (stage 3) penetrating eye injury in the course of trauma treatment. The levels of C-reactive protein, lactoferrin, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and activity of complement system were measured in peripheral blood, and concentrations of lactoferrin and IL-8 were determined in tears. An increase in lactoferrin, C-reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-8, and C5 complement component levels was detected during early post-traumatic period, as compared with data from the control group. As compared to effects of steroid and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs included into standard therapy, treatment with myelopidum has led to a more favorable clinical course of traumatic process, and resulted into more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect that was manifested by decrease in lactoferrin and C-reactive protein levels, reduction of IL-1β concentration, and C5 complement component activity. (Med. Immunol., 2008, vol. 10, N 2-3, pp 239-244)

Extrapulmonary Conditions, Concomitant of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, in Babies of the First 3 Years of Life: Results of a Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Background: There are few data on co-occurring with bronchopulmonary dysplasia diseases but there is no single point of view on their mutual effect.Objective: Our aim was to learn the structure and frequency of extrapulmonary disease, concomitant of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, in children aged up to 3 years.Methods. A retrospective analysis of histories of 93 children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia with an analysis of the consequences of perinatal pathology structure was carried out.Results. On average, each patient with bronchopulmonary dysplasia accounted for 5 comorbidities. The most common (89; 96%) were perinatal lesions of the nervous system and their consequences. In children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia at the age of 3 years there was a relatively low incidence of hydrocephalus and, on the contrary, high — of infantile cerebral palsy. Violations of the organs of vision were found in 58 (62%) children, malnutrition and other violations of physical development — in 58 (62%) and 27 (29%), respectively, and the cardiovascular system pathology — in 59 (63%).Conclusion. The most commonly, extrapulmonary pathology, co-occuring with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, includes neurological deficit with psychomotor retardation, violations of organs of vision, pathology of the cardiovascular system, malnutrition/delay in physical development