The pre-solicitation phase of Government R and D contracting

Decision environment during pre-solicitation phase of procurement cycle in government agency contractin

Seeding systems for use with a laser velocimeter in large scale wind tunnels

Three seeding systems have been used in the 4- by 7- Meter Tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center: Kerosene smoke, solid particle dry dispersing, and solid particle liquid dispersing. It is anticipated that the liquid dispersing system will be used in all future applications at this facility because: (1) it has a steady output; (2) it is easy to operate and reconfigure; and, (3) it delivers particles of near uniform size

Federal Procedure—Indispensability of Superior Officers in Review of Deportation Order

Plaintiff deportee brought an action against the District Director of Immigration and Naturalization seeking a declaration that a deportation order issued against him by the Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization was invalid, alleging a lack of due process in the hearing and asking injunctive relief against the enforcement of the order. The defendant district director moved to dismiss the action for lack of an indispensable party. Held: the commissioner is not an indispensable party to an action to review an order of deportation. The term “indispensable party” is used in the federal courts to describe a party without whom the court cannot proceed. The first case involving the question of indispensability of superior governmental officers in an action against a subordinate was Warner Valley Stock Co. v. Smith. That case held the superior officer indispensable on the ground that the purpose of the suit was to control his action. Subsequent to this decision many cases were decided without raising the question. Twenty-seven years later the United States Supreme Court reiterated the doctrine in Gnerich v. Rutter, followed shortly by Webster v. Toll. These three cases were ignored in Colorado v. Toll which allowed the action to proceed without the superior officer, holding that he was not indispensable. Irreconcilable conflict followed, with courts following both lines of authority. Williams v. Fanning unsuccessfully attempted to settle the controversy by ruling that the superior is not indispensable “. . . if the decree granted will effectively grant the relief desired by expending itself on the subordinate official who is before the court.” Efforts to apply this rule have resulted in a conflict in deportation order cases

Municipal Corporations—Home Rule Charter—Validity of Charter Amendment Authorizing Penalty of Imprisonment at Hard Labor for Violation of Municipal Ordinance

The home rule charter of the city of Lincoln, Nebraska at one time provided: In addition to the powers hereinbefore enumerated, the city shall have power by ordinances: 50. To make all such ordinances, by laws, rules and regulations not inconsistent with the laws of the state as may be expedient, in addition to the special powers in this article enumerated, to maintain the peace, good government, and welfare of the city, its trade, commerce and manufactures, and to enforce all ordinances by imposing forfeitures, and by inflicting fines and penalties for the violation thereof not exceeding one hundred dollars for any one offense, recoverable with costs, and in default of payment, to provide for confinement in the city prison or county jail, with or without hard labor upon the city streets or elsewhere, for the benefit of the city, until said judgment and costs are paid. On June 15, 1954 the charter was amended by striking the italicized portion of the charter and substituting instead: . . . providing for imprisonment of those convicted of violations thereof at hard labor for a period of not to exceed six months and to impose forfeitures, fines and penalties . . . This amendment raises the question whether a city has power, under a home rule charter, to enforce ordinances by providing for imprisonment at hard labor other than upon a default in payment of a fine. Determination of this question is dependent upon two other questions. First, can the power to create a crime be delegated to a city under a home rule charter, and, if the power can be delegated, has it been delegated to the city of Lincoln

Laser transit anemometer measurements on a slender cone in the Langley unitary plan wind tunnel

A laser transit anemometer (LTA) system was used to probe the boundary layer on a slender (5 degree half angle) cone model in the Langley unitary plan wind tunnel. The anemometer system utilized a pair of laser beams with a diameter of 40 micrometers spaced 1230 micrometers apart to measure the transit times of ensembles of seeding particles using a cross-correlation technique. From these measurements, boundary layer profiles around the model were constructed and compared with CFD calculations. The measured boundary layer profiles representing the boundary layer velocity normalized to the edge velocity as a function of height above the model surface were collected with the model at zero angle of attack for four different flow conditions, and were collected in a vertical plane that bisected the model's longitudinal center line at a location 635 mm from the tip of the forebody cone. The results indicate an excellent ability of the LTA system to make velocity measurements deep into the boundary layer. However, because of disturbances in the flow field caused by onboard seeding, premature transition occurred implying that upstream seeding is mandatory if model flow field integrity is to be maintained. A description and results of the flow field surveys are presented

PRICING SOYBEANS ON THE BASIS OF OIL AND PROTEIN CONTENT

Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis,

Consumer Willingness to Pay for Irradiated Beef

This study examines consumer willingness to pay for irradiated beef products. About 58 percent of the respondents are willing to pay a premium for irradiated beef. An ordered probit with sample selection model was estimated. Standard errors of the marginal effects of the ordered probit model were estimated using the bootstrap method. Our findings suggest that females and those who think that improper handling contributes to food poisoning are more likely to pay a premium of 50 cents per pound of irradiated beef than others. Those who trust the irradiation technology are also more likely to pay a premium of between 5 to 25 cents per pound for irradiated beef. Supply chain implications are discussed.Consumer Behavior, Food Chain, Food Irradiation, Willingness to Pay, Consumer/Household Economics,

Observations on Economic Adulteration of High-Value Food Products: The Honey Case

The paper highlights the issue of economic adulteration of high-value food products and provides a context for discussion and analysis based on experiences with the U.S. honey industry. Perspectives on economic adulteration are identified, trends relevant to the issue of economic adulteration are discussed, and industry opinions on economic adulteration of honey are summarized. The paper is based on research funded by the National Honey Board to provide a platform for industry dialogue on the need for a quality-assurance program.Agribusiness,