Dynamics of Youth Population – Impact of Education Expenditure

Youth constitutes the largest segment of the Indian population and being the primary productive human resources, the socio-economic development of youth directly linked to the development process. This paper is an attempt to see the various demographic characteristics of the Indian youth population and determine the household expenditure pattern on education and related items using National Sample Survey data for two rounds (1993-94 and 2004-05). Results are presented for individual states separately for rural and urban and also for various socio-economic characteristics such as social groups, household size, level of education, occupation, etc.EducationEducation expenditure

Dynamics of Youth Population – Impact of Education Expenditure

Youth constitutes the largest segment of the Indian population and being the primary productive human resources, the socio-economic development of youth directly linked to the development process. This paper is an attempt to see the various demographic characteristics of the Indian youth population and determine the household expenditure pattern on education and related items using National Sample Survey data for two rounds (1993-94 and 2004-05). Results are presented for individual states separately for rural and urban and also for various socio-economic characteristics such as social groups, household size, level of education, occupation, etc.India, youth population, socio-economic development

Renormalization group evolution of neutrino masses and mixing in the Type-III seesaw mechanism

We consider the standard model extended by heavy right handed fermions transforming as triplets under SU(2)$_L$, which generate neutrino masses through the Type-III seesaw mechanism. At energies below their respective mass scales, the heavy fields get sequentially decoupled to give an effective dimension-5 operator. Above their mass thresholds, these fields also participate in the renormalization of the wavefunctions, masses and coupling constants. We compute the renormalization group evolution of the effective neutrino mass matrix in this model, with particular emphasis on the threshold effects. The evolution equations are obtained in a basis of neutrino parameters where all the quantities are well-defined everywhere, including at $\theta_{13} = 0$. We also point out the important role of the threshold effects and Majorana phases in the evolution of mixing angles through illustrative examples.Comment: 40 pages, 4 figures, Revtex4. Uses axodraw.sty, accents.sty (included). The final version to be published in Nuclear Physics B. Major changes: Discussion of quasi-degenerate neutrinos and the corresponding figure added. A column added in Table II

EFFECT OF ULTRA-DILUTED HISTAMINE ON HYPOXIC CHICK LUNG TISSUE INFLAMMATORY CHANGES

Objectives: Since its discovery, the role of histamine in inflammation is controversial; thus, according to some authority, it is mainly pro-inflammatory, and according to others, it is anti-inflammatory in nature. In this scenario, we thought that the contradictory results are dose dependent, thus in this study, our aim was to find the specific role of ultra-diluted histamine in pulmonary inflammation. Materials and Methods: Ultra-diluted histamine ( ~1 pg/ml) was administered in chick lung hypoxic inflammation in an restricted organoid culture along with lysozyme, ovalbumin, and blank controls. Results: The ultra-diluted histamine showed a significant role as an anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator agent and the anti-inflammatory action was found similar to lysozyme. Conclusion: Ultra-diluted histamine may be used as an anti-inflammatory agent

Genetic control of death in CHO cultures

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-209).One of the main problems in mammalian cell culture systems, including Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cultures, is the inability to maintain viability of these cultures over extended periods of time. This inability translates into lower final protein titers and higher protein production and recovery costs. This thesis was undertaken to better understand the processes of death in CHO cells and to find ways to extend the viability of CHO cultures. A majority of CHO cells in culture were found to die by apoptosis, a genetically controlled form of cellular suicide. Protein synthesis inhibition in CHO cells led to rapid death, indicating that CHO cells were pre-disposed to death and that survival proteins needed to be continuously synthesized to protect cells from death. Caspases, a class of proteins found to be universally important in inducing apoptosis, were found to be activated in apoptotic CHO cells. Surprisingly, inhibition of caspase activity using z-VAD.fmk, a universal peptide inhibitor of caspases, failed to significantly extend viability in batch culture although it did prevent cleavage of known intracellular caspase substrates. In contrast, expression of bcl- 2, a well-characterized anti-apoptotic gene, was able to significantly increase the life of CHO batch cultures in response to both glucose limitation and growth factor withdrawal. Using these results, a pathway for apoptosis in CHO cells, focusing on the caspases and bcl-2, was suggested. An experiment was devised to statistically measure the ability of individual cells to replicate. Replication competence was found to correlate well with viability results from the acridine orange / ethidium bromide assay, but not with results from the trypan blue assay. These experiments proved that early apoptotic cells, which have lost membrane integrity but not chromatin integrity, can be considered dead since they lose the ability to replicate. In addition, the experiments proved that bcl-2 expression is able to extend the replication competence of cells under normal culture conditions. Bcl-2 expression was shown to improve both final product titers and integrated viable cell densities in CHO fed-batch cultures. It was also able to maintain insulin deprived fed-batch cultures in a viable and productive state for much longer than insulin supplemented cultures, thus suggesting an easy way to maintain viability and productivity coupled with slower growth. A slower growth rate has been reported in literature to yield higher product quality and productivity. Concentrations of insulin, a growth and survival factor used in CHO culture, were observed to drop rapidly in fed-batch cultures of CHO cells. The loss of insulin was concurrent with the accumulation of cells in the GO/G1 state and an increase in expression levels ofp53, a well-documented growth-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing gene. Insulin degrading activity was found to be at least partially caused by release of proteases from cells into the culture medium. Insulin degradation was sharply reduced by adding sodium glycocholate, an amino-peptidase inhibitor, suggesting that amino-peptidases play a major role in insulin degradation in CHO fed-batch cultures. Based on the above results, possible ways to further reduce death and improve productivity in CHO cultures are also suggested.by Joydeep Goswami.Ph.D

Dynamics of Youth Population – Impact of Education Expenditure

Youth constitutes the largest segment of the Indian population and being the primary productive human resources, the socio-economic development of youth directly linked to the development process. This paper is an attempt to see the various demographic characteristics of the Indian youth population and determine the household expenditure pattern on education and related items using National Sample Survey data for two rounds (1993-94 and 2004-05). Results are presented for individual states separately for rural and urban and also for various socio-economic characteristics such as social groups, household size, level of education, occupation, etc. [Working Paper 102]dynamics, youth, population, education, expenditure

Neutrinoless double-β decay in TeV scale left-right symmetric models

In this paper we study in detail the neutrinoless double beta decay in left-right symmetric models with right-handed gauge bosons at TeV scale which is within the presently accessible reach of colliders. We discuss the different diagrams that can contribute to this process and identify the dominant ones for the case where the right-handed neutrino is also at the TeV scale. We calculate the contribution to the effective mass governing neutrinoless double beta decay assuming type-I and type-II dominance and discuss what are the changes in the effective mass due to the additional contributions. We also discuss the effect of the recent Daya-Bay and RENO measurements on sin ²θ₁₃ on the effective mass in different scenarios

Generation of neutrino mass from new physics at TeV scale and multilepton signatures at the LHC

In this paper we consider the generation of naturally small neutrino masses from a dimension-7 operator. Such a term can arise in the presence of a scalar quadruplet and a pair of vectorlike fermion triplets and enables one to obtain small neutrino masses through the TeV scale linear seesaw mechanism. We study the phenomenology of the charged scalars of this model, in particular, the multilepton signatures at the Large Hadron Collider. Of special importance is the presence of the same-sign-tri-lepton signatures originating from the triply charged scalars. The Standard Model background for such processes is small, and hence this is considered as a confirming evidence of new physics. We also looked for events with three, four, five, and six leptons that have negligible contamination from the Standard Model. We further point out the spectacular lepton flavor violating the four-lepton signal that can be the hallmark for these types of models. We also compute the added contributions in the rate for the Standard Model Higgs decaying to two photons via the charged scalars in this model