Creación De Un Ambiente B-Learning Para El Fortalecimiento Del Aprendizaje Del Inglés De Los Estudiantes De Grado Décimo De La Ied “La Amistad” Jornada Tarde

En esta investigación se exponen los resultados obtenidos en un proceso de gestión de aula donde se aplica una experiencia en un ambiente de aprendizaje b-learning, llevada a cabo con los estudiantes de la Jornada de la tarde de grado décimo de la IED LA AMISTAD, de la localidad de Kennedy y en Bogotá. La Gestión del ambiente de aprendizaje b-learning combina las clases presenciales de inglés con actividades on-line, donde se incorpora el uso de videos de you tube con el fin de potenciar las habilidades “Listening and Speaking” para fortalecer el aprendizaje del inglés, contribuyendo a mejorar el desempeño de los estudiantes; inicia con un diagnóstico para detectar las falencias en el aprendizaje del inglés, luego se gestionó el ambiente desde la motivación, la potenciación de los aprendizajes, la evaluación del progreso y la proyección de los aprendizajes. Primero se aplicó un ejercicio de “Listening” a partir de la audición de una canción, luego los estudiantes evaluaron su nivel de audición a través de una encuesta on-line, esto permitió establecer qué tipo de videos y actividades debían realizarse en la plataforma EDMODO. Igualmente se hizo una actividad de “Speaking”, también se aplicó una encuesta para conocer como evaluaban su nivel de habla en inglés; posteriormente se aplicó el ambiente de aprendizaje b-learning. Se observó cada una de las sesiones para ver como interactuaban los estudiantes con el ambiente, por último, se volvió a aplicar el mismo ejercicio de “Listening” para comprobar si habían mejorado en este aspecto. Con relación a “Speaking” los estudiantes realizaron un TV-show para comprobar los avances en esta habilidad. Finalmente se presenta las conclusiones y las recomendaciones basadas en los resultados de la investigación. Estos indican que los procesos de gestión del ambiente b-learning contribuyeron a fortalecer las prácticas, desde el liderazgo el docente, para potenciar el aprendizaje del inglés.This research exposes the results obtained in a classroom management process where an experience is applied in a b-learning learning environment, It was done with the students of the 10th grade of the IED LA AMISTAD, from Kennedy in Bogotá. The Management of the b-learning learning environment combines English classes with on-line activities, where the use of you tube videos is incorporated to enhance the "Listening and Speaking" abilities to strengthen the learning of English, IT contribute to improve student performance; It starts with a diagnosis to detect the difficulties in the learning of English, then the environment was managed from the motivation, the enhancement of learning, the evaluation of progress and the proeyección of learning. First a "listening" exercise was applied based on the Listening of a song, after the students evaluated their Listening level through an on-line survey, this allowed it to establish what kind of videos and activities should be done on the EDMODO platform . Likewise, a "Speaking" activity was carried out, a survey was also applied to know how the students assessed their level of speaking in English; subsequently, the b-learning learning environment was applied. It was observed, session by session, to see how the students interacted with the environment, finally the same exercise of "listening" was applied to check if they had improved in this aspect. In relation to "speaking" the students made a TV-show to check the advances in this ability. Finally, the results of the investigation are presented to make conclusions snd recommendations. These indicate that the management processes of the b-learning environment contributed to strengthen the practices, from the leadership of the teacher, to enhance the learning of English

Differential Role of Type 2 Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Tuberculosis in the Elderly versus Younger Adults

The elderly are understudied despite their high risk of tuberculosis (TB). We sought to identify factors underlying the lack of an association between TB and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the elderly, but not adults. We conducted a case–control study in elderly (≥65 years old; ELD) vs. younger adults (young/middle-aged adults (18–44/45–64 years old; YA|MAA) stratified by TB and T2D, using a research study population (n = 1160) and TB surveillance data (n = 8783). In the research study population the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of TB in T2D was highest in young adults (AOR 6.48) but waned with age becoming non-significant in the elderly. Findings were validated using TB surveillance data. T2D in the elderly (vs. T2D in younger individuals) was characterized by better glucose control (e.g., lower hyperglycemia or HbA1c), lower insulin resistance, more sulphonylureas use, and features of less inflammation (e.g., lower obesity, neutrophils, platelets, anti-inflammatory use). We posit that differences underlying glucose dysregulation and inflammation in elderly vs. younger adults with T2D, contribute to their differential association with TB. Studies in the elderly provide valuable insights into TB-T2D pathogenesis, e.g., here we identified insulin resistance as a novel candidate mechanism by which T2D may increase active TB risk

Differential Role of Type 2 Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Tuberculosis in the Elderly versus Younger Adults

The elderly are understudied despite their high risk of tuberculosis (TB). We sought to identify factors underlying the lack of an association between TB and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the elderly, but not adults. We conducted a case–control study in elderly (≥65 years old; ELD) vs. younger adults (young/middle-aged adults (18–44/45–64 years old; YA|MAA) stratified by TB and T2D, using a research study population (n = 1160) and TB surveillance data (n = 8783). In the research study population the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of TB in T2D was highest in young adults (AOR 6.48) but waned with age becoming non-significant in the elderly. Findings were validated using TB surveillance data. T2D in the elderly (vs. T2D in younger individuals) was characterized by better glucose control (e.g., lower hyperglycemia or HbA1c), lower insulin resistance, more sulphonylureas use, and features of less inflammation (e.g., lower obesity, neutrophils, platelets, anti-inflammatory use). We posit that differences underlying glucose dysregulation and inflammation in elderly vs. younger adults with T2D, contribute to their differential association with TB. Studies in the elderly provide valuable insights into TB-T2D pathogenesis, e.g., here we identified insulin resistance as a novel candidate mechanism by which T2D may increase active TB risk