64 research outputs found

    Directive 2000/43/CE du Conseil du 29 juin 2000 relative Ă  la mise en Suvre du principe de l’égalitĂ© de traitement entre les personnes sans distinction de race ou d’origine ethnique

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    LE CONSEIL DE L’UNION EUROPÉENNE, vu le traitĂ© instituant la CommunautĂ© europĂ©enne, et notamment son article 13, vu la proposition de la Commission(1), vu l’avis du Parlement europĂ©en(2), vu l’avis du ComitĂ© Ă©conomique et social(3), vu l’avis du ComitĂ© des rĂ©gions(4), considĂ©rant ce qui suit : (1) Le traitĂ© sur l’Union europĂ©enne marque une nouvelle Ă©tape dans le processus crĂ©ant une union sans cesse plus Ă©troite entre les peuples de l’Europe. (2) ConformĂ©ment Ă  l’article 6 du traitĂ© ..

    Nonurgent patients in the emergency department? A French formula to prevent misuse

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Overcrowding in emergency department (EDs) is partly due to the use of EDs by nonurgent patients. In France, the authorities responded to the problem by creating primary care units (PCUs): alternative structures located near hospitals. The aims of the study were to assess the willingness of nonurgent patients to be reoriented to a PCU and to collect the reasons that prompted them to accept or refuse.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We carried out a cross sectional survey on patients' use of EDs. The study was conducted in a French hospital ED. Patients were interviewed about their use of health services, ED visits, referrals, activities of daily living, and insurance coverage status. Patients' medical data were also collected.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>85 patients considered nonurgent by a triage nurse were asked to respond to a questionnaire. Sex ratio was 1.4; mean age was 36.3 +/- 11.7 years.</p> <p>Most patients went to the ED autonomously (76%); one third (31.8%) had consulted a physician. The main reasons for using the ED were difficulty to get an appointment with a general practitioner (22.3%), feelings of pain (68.5%), and the availability of medical services in the ED, like imaging, laboratory tests, and drug prescriptions (37.6%). Traumatisms and wounds were the main medical reasons for going to the ED (43.5%).</p> <p>More than two-thirds of responders (68%) were willing to be reoriented towards PCUs. In the multivariate analysis, only employment and the level of urgency perceived by the patient were associated with the willingness to accept reorientation. Employed persons were 4.5 times more likely to accept reorientation (OR = 4.5 CI (1.6-12.9)). Inversely, persons who perceived a high level of urgency were the least likely to accept reorientation (OR = 0.9 CI (0.8-0.9).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our study provides information on the willingness of ED patients to accept reorientation and shows the limits of its feasibility. Alternative structures such as PCUs near the ED seem to respond appropriately to the growing demands of nonurgent patients. Reorientation, however, will be successful only if the new structures adapt their opening hours to the needs of nonurgent patients and if their physicians can perform specific technical skills.</p

    The second time as farce? : the EU takeover directive, the clash of capitalisms and the hamstrung harmonization of European (and French) corporate governance

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    This article focuses on the EU Takeover Directive and its transposition into French law. French outcomes diverge from European Commission aspirations for greater clarity and uniformity. The clash of European capitalisms as well as heightened uncertainty and differentiation in takeover regulation exacerbate problems of asymmetric vulnerability of EU states (and firms) to the European Commission's liberal reform agenda. This explains the failings of EU-level harmonization of varieties of capitalism and corporate governance
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