L'identité territoriale serait-elle (vraiment) soluble dans la mobilité ? Des pratiques individuelles de mobilités à la fabrication et la territorialisation de solidarités collectives : positions critiques, propositions théoriques et problématiques

International audienceThe relationship between territories and mobility are analyzed in many ways. The literature review offers different concepts that describes this relationship: motility, travel identity, mobility, culture...However, few explanations are offered for understanding their respective construction. Many approaches deals with a paradigm of causality: the effects of mobility on the territorialities or the effects of territorialities on the mobility. However, it seems necessary to improve the previous analysis in order to define a concept that integrates the different dimensions of the individual as subject, actor and mobile. Our paper will discuss this point, by observing the effects of individual strategies related to mobility in terms of territorial and identity production: which kinds of collectives, which values for place and proximities?La relation entre territoire et mobilité constitue un objet exploré sous de nombreuses formes avec un foisonnement de nouvelles notions pour l'approcher (motilité, identité de déplacement, cultures de la mobilité ...), sans que soit encore levé le verrou de la compréhension de leur construction respective. Nombre des approches restent dans un paradigme de causalité : les effets de la mobilité sur les territoires ou bien les effets de territoire sur la mobilité. Si de nouvelles perspectives sur la territorialité des individus mobiles ont pu ainsi être ouvertes (identité de déplacement notamment), ces approches restent insuffisantes dans la saisie d'une éventuelle hybridation, qui n'opposerait pas deux types de spatialité, ni ne les dissocierait en une mécanique systémique, mais en montrerait l'intégration dans un individu-acteur-mobile. Elles rendent peu compte également des processus de construction stratégique entre l'un et l'autre, telle que l'activation du territoire comme ressource dans la réalisation de la mobilité. Considérant l'action et les stratégies issues de l'organisation et la réalisation de pratiques de mobilité individuelles, la communication discutera alors la production et la valorisation de dimensions fondatrices de territoire : l'hypothèse avancée est celle d'un individu construisant et reconstruisant des relations de proximité dans la réalisation des opportunités offertes par la mobilité, dans un processus générateur d'identification territoriale

On the design of smart parking networks in the smart cities: an optimal sensor placement model

Smart parking is a typical IoT application that can benefit from advances in sensor, actuator and RFID technologies to provide many services to its users and parking owners of a smart city. This paper considers a smart parking infrastructure where sensors are laid down on the parking spots to detect car presence and RFID readers are embedded into parking gates to identify cars and help in the billing of the smart parking. Both types of devices are endowed with wired and wireless communication capabilities for reporting to a gateway where the situation recognition is performed. The sensor devices are tasked to play one of the three roles: (1) slave sensor nodes located on the parking spot to detect car presence/absence; (2) master nodes located at one of the edges of a parking lot to detect presence and collect the sensor readings from the slave nodes; and (3) repeater sensor nodes, also called ''anchor'' nodes, located strategically at specific locations in the parking lot to increase the coverage and connectivity of the wireless sensor network. While slave and master nodes are placed based on geographic constraints, the optimal placement of the relay/anchor sensor nodes in smart parking is an important parameter upon which the cost and e ciency of the parking system depends. We formulate the optimal placement of sensors in smart parking as an integer linear programming multi-objective problem optimizing the sensor network engineering e ciency in terms of coverage and lifetime maximization, as well as its economic gain in terms of the number of sensors deployed for a specific coverage and lifetime. We propose an exact solution to the node placement problem using single-step and two-step solutions implemented in the Mosel language based on the Xpress-MPsuite of libraries. Experimental results reveal the relative e ciency of the single-step compared to the two-step model on di erent performance parameters. These results are consolidated by simulation results, which reveal that our solution outperforms a random placement in terms of both energy consumption, delay and throughput achieved by a smart parking network

On the Relevance of Using Open Wireless Sensor Networks in Environment Monitoring

This paper revisits the problem of the readiness for field deployments of wireless sensor networks by assessing the relevance of using Open Hardware and Software motes for environment monitoring. We propose a new prototype wireless sensor network that fine-tunes SquidBee motes to improve the life-time and sensing performance of an environment monitoring system that measures temperature, humidity and luminosity. Building upon two outdoor sensing scenarios, we evaluate the performance of the newly proposed energy-aware prototype solution in terms of link quality when expressed by the Received Signal Strength, Packet Loss and the battery lifetime. The experimental results reveal the relevance of using the Open Hardware and Software motes when setting up outdoor wireless sensor networks