Atomic scale characterization of the nucleation and growth of SnO2 particles in oxidized CuSn alloys

The internal oxidation of Sn was investigated to understand the oxidation kinetics of monophase CuSn alloys. SnO2 particles were characterized by analytical transmission electron microscopy. The orientation relationship between SnO2 and Cu was determined with a special emphasis on the atomic scale structure of Cu/SnO2 interfaces (misfit dislocations and chemical structure). Habit planes with a pure oxygen plane terminating the SnO2 phase are greatly favored and large misfits promote the growth of plate shaped precipitates

Instrumentación e instrumentalización de TICs para la organización del trabajo colectivo en contextos globales, un estudio de casoInstrumentation and instrumentalization of ICTs for the organization of collective work in global contexts, a case study

This article aims to study the processes of instrumentationand instrumentalization information through theuse of ICT for the organization of collective work within anSME with only 20 workers as an adaptive response to a globalmarket context. We present a case study carried out in 2018in a small organization, with headquarters in Paris-France,specialized in mountmaking (soclage). We will focus on theuse of new communication and information technologies as atechnological infrastructure for the collective organization ofwork in order to meet a demand that may be local, regionalor global. The methods used in this study were specific to theergonomics of organizations, cognitive ergonomics and the digitalhumanities. From the clues of an organizational analysis, andwith the use of techniques of interviews, observation and dataanalysis, the activity of 20 workers was studied throughout theproductive mountmaking process, emphasizing the organizationof collective activity and arbitration processes that use digitaltools such as email, Google calendars and WhatsApp conversations.The results of the study show the preponderant role ofICTs as infrastructures for the dynamics of information typeartifacts that allow the organization of collective work whenit is dispersed in time and space, a recurrent aspect in theprovision of a service Worldwide. They also show how the use ofthese technologies generates virtual cooperation and negotiationspaces that facilitate arbitrations to face the demands of theactivity and facilitate the development of a collective of work. Byway of conclusion, we show how the cognitive technologies usedto study the use of digital tools, methods of natural languageprocessing, semantic analysis and classification of information,are a resource for the creation of adaptable and ergonomic toolsappropriate to the organization and its workers. This perspectivecan facilitate continuous improvement and human developmentwithin organizations

Explaining the neural activity distribution associated with discrete movement sequences:Evidence for parallel functional systems

To explore the effects of practice we scanned participants with fMRI while they were performing four-key unfamiliar and familiar sequences, and compared the associated activities relative to simple control sequences. On the basis of a recent cognitive model of sequential motor behavior (C-SMB), we propose that the observed neural activity would be associated with three functional networks that can operate in parallel and that allow (a) responding to stimuli in a reaction mode, (b) sequence execution using spatial sequence representations in a central-symbolic mode, and (c) sequence execution using motor chunk representations in a chunking mode. On the basis of this model and findings in the literature, we predicted which neural areas would be active during execution of the unfamiliar and familiar keying sequences. The observed neural activities were largely in line with our predictions, and allowed functions to be attributed to the active brain areas that fit the three above functional systems. The results corroborate C-SMB’s assumption that at advanced skill levels the systems executing motor chunks and translating key-specific stimuli are racing to trigger individual responses. They further support recent behavioral indications that spatial sequence representations continue to be used

Commercial sexual exploitation of children in tourism destinations. Knowledge, aptitude and prevention of tourist services in Taganga, Colombia

La explotación sexual comercial de niños, niñas y adolescentes (ESCNNA) en turismo es una problemática mundial que solo recientemente ha llamado una mayor atención de gobiernos de países en vía de desarrollo. En este contexto, Colombia ha implementado rigurosas políticas de prevención y protección de los adolescentes. Sin embargo, los prestadores de servicios turísticos, quienes son los principales agentes involucrados en la actividad turística, no demuestran el compromiso muy claro. A través del cuestionario que constó de 14 preguntas cerradas, se evaluó la perspectiva de los empresarios turísticos acerca de la ESCNNA. Se aplicaron y se contestaron 115 encuestas cara a cara. El resultado demuestra que en Taganga los prestadores de servicios turísticos no cumplen con esta obligación moral y legal; su conocimiento de las normas relacionadas es muy limitado y sus motivaciones no están reflejadas por acciones concretas.The sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in tourism is a global phenomenon that only recently has called major attention of governments of developing countries. In this context, Colombia has implemented rigorous policies aimed at prevention and protection of adolescents. Nevertheless, the tourism enterprises, which are the principle agents involved in the tourism industry, no not show clear commitment. Through a questionnaire consisting of 14 closed questions, the perspective of the tourism operators of sexual exploitation of adolescents was evaluated. In total 115 face to face questionnaires was applied and responded. The results show that the enterprises in Taganga do not comply with this moral and legal obligation; their knowledge about the norms is very limited and their motivations are not reflected by specific actions

Politiques agricoles et de développement rural. Comparaisons entre la Suisse et la France

La Suisse, au cœur de l’Europe, constitue, en matière de politique agricole, un cas d’étude intéressant. Alors que les politiques agricoles des pays environnants sont dans une bonne mesure coulées dans le même moule, celui de la Politique agricole commune (PAC), la Suisse garde une politique agricole spécifique, fortement territorialisée, qu’elle a su faire évoluer de manière originale. Sans ignorer les limites de toute démarche comparative, en raison notamment des hétérogénéités géographiques et d’échelle, cet article vise à mettre en forme, à partir d’une comparaison entre la Suisse et la France, quelques éléments d’analyse et de questionnement pour une évaluation des politiques respectives menées de part et d’autre.Swiss agricultural policy, as Switzerland is in the hearth of Europe, offers an interesting case to be studied. Whilst agricultural policies of the neighboring countries are very similar, depending for a large part from the Common Agricultural Policy, Switzerland held a specific agricultural policy, with a strong territorial dimension, and has been able to change it recently in an original manner. Without ignoring the limits of any comparative analysis, notably due to the geographical and scale heterogeneity, this paper aims to highlight some elements of analysis and some questions and to assess the agricultural policies implemented respectively in France and Switzerland