El papel de las mujeres en el Turismo y la Gastronomía: Historia, Restos y Perspectivas.

El presente trabajo es el primero de una serie que conformarán la colección Estudios de Género de la Facultad de Turismo y Gastronomía de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Este libro es un primer esfuerzo por generar conocimiento en un tema tan relevante como es el papel de la mujer en el turismo y la gastronomía. Tradicionalmente, la mujer ha desempeñado un rol preponderante en ambas especialidades, sin embargo, éste no ha sido reconocido principalmente por el predominio masculino en todas las esferas públicas, privadas y sociales. De ahí el interés por iniciar la formación de un acervo propio que distinga aquellos aspectos históricos, rurales y sociales vinculantes entre la mujer y estas disciplinas. A lo largo de estos cincos capítulos, el lector podrá descubrir una visión un tanto de corte feminista, pero a la vez reivindicativa que busca concientizar a través de la investigación la importancia del género femenino en el turismo y la gastronomía

E-Skin Development and Prototyping via Soft Tooling and Composites with Silicone Rubber and Carbon Nanotubes

The strategy of embedding conductive materials on polymeric matrices has produced functional and wearable artificial electronic skin prototypes capable of transduction signals, such as pressure, force, humidity, or temperature. However, these prototypes are expensive and cover small areas. This study proposes a more affordable manufacturing strategy for manufacturing conductive layers with 6 × 6 matrix micropatterns of RTV-2 silicone rubber and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT). A novel mold with two cavities and two different micropatterns was designed and tested as a proof-of-concept using Low-Force Stereolithography-based additive manufacturing (AM). The effect SWCNT concentrations (3 wt.%, 4 wt.%, and 5 wt.%) on the mechanical properties were characterized by quasi-static axial deformation tests, which allowed them to stretch up to ~160%. The elastomeric soft material’s hysteresis energy (Mullin’s effect) was fitted using the Ogden–Roxburgh model and the Nelder–Mead algorithm. The assessment showed that the resulting multilayer material exhibits high flexibility and high conductivity (surface resistivity ~7.97 × 104 Ω/sq) and that robust soft tooling can be used for other devices

A Tale of Native American Whole-Genome Sequencing and Other Technologies

Indigenous people from the American continent, or Native Americans, are underrepresented in the collective genomic knowledge. A minimal percentage of individuals in international databases belong to these important minority groups. Yet, the study of native American genomics is a growing field. In this work, we reviewed 56 scientific publications where ancient or contemporary DNA of Native Americans across the continent was studied by array, whole-exome, or whole-genome technologies. In total, 13,706 native Americans have been studied with genomic technologies, of which 1292 provided whole genome samples. Data availability is lacking, with barely 3.6% of the contemporary samples clearly accessible for further studies; in striking contrast, 96.3% of the ancient samples are publicly available. We compiled census data on the home countries and found that 607 indigenous groups are still missing representation in genomic datasets. By analyzing authorship of the published works, we found that there is a need for more involvement of the home countries as leads in indigenous genomic studies. We provide this review to aid in the design of future studies that aim to reduce the missing diversity of indigenous Americans

A Tale of Native American Whole-Genome Sequencing and Other Technologies

Indigenous people from the American continent, or Native Americans, are underrepresented in the collective genomic knowledge. A minimal percentage of individuals in international databases belong to these important minority groups. Yet, the study of native American genomics is a growing field. In this work, we reviewed 56 scientific publications where ancient or contemporary DNA of Native Americans across the continent was studied by array, whole-exome, or whole-genome technologies. In total, 13,706 native Americans have been studied with genomic technologies, of which 1292 provided whole genome samples. Data availability is lacking, with barely 3.6% of the contemporary samples clearly accessible for further studies; in striking contrast, 96.3% of the ancient samples are publicly available. We compiled census data on the home countries and found that 607 indigenous groups are still missing representation in genomic datasets. By analyzing authorship of the published works, we found that there is a need for more involvement of the home countries as leads in indigenous genomic studies. We provide this review to aid in the design of future studies that aim to reduce the missing diversity of indigenous Americans

Predictive Modeling of Soft Stretchable Nanocomposites Using Recurrent Neural Networks

Human skin is characterized by rough, elastic, and uneven features that are difficult to recreate using conventional manufacturing technologies and rigid materials. The use of soft materials is a promising alternative to produce devices that mimic the tactile capabilities of biological tissues. Although previous studies have revealed the potential of fillers to modify the properties of composite materials, there is still a gap in modeling the conductivity and mechanical properties of these types of materials. While traditional Finite Element approximations can be used, these methodologies tend to be highly demanding of time and processing power. Instead of this approach, a data-driven learning-based approximation strategy can be used to generate prediction models via neural networks. This paper explores the fabrication of flexible nanocomposites using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with different single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) loadings (0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt.%). Simple Recurrent Neural Networks (SRNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) models were formulated, trained, and tested to obtain the predictive sequence data of out-of-plane quasistatic mechanical tests. Finally, the model learned is applied to a dynamic system using the Kelvin-Voight model and the phenomenon known as the bouncing ball. The best predictive results were achieved using a nonlinear activation function in the SRNN model implementing two units and 4000 epochs. These results suggest the feasibility of a hybrid approach of analogy-based learning and data-driven learning for the design and computational analysis of soft and stretchable nanocomposite materials

Improvement and Validation of a Genomic DNA Extraction Method for Human Breastmilk

The human milk microbiota (HMM) of healthy women can vary substantially, as demonstrated by recent advances in DNA sequencing technology. However, the method used to extract genomic DNA (gDNA) from these samples may impact the observed variations and potentially bias the microbiological reconstruction. Therefore, it is important to use a DNA extraction method that is able to effectively isolate gDNA from a diverse range of microorganisms. In this study, we improved and compared a DNA extraction method for gDNA isolation from human milk (HM) samples to commercial and standard protocols. We evaluated the extracted gDNA using spectrophotometric measurements, gel electrophoresis, and PCR amplifications to assess its quantity, quality, and amplifiability. Additionally, we tested the improved method’s ability to isolate amplifiable gDNA from fungi, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to validate its potential for reconstructing microbiological profiles. The improved DNA extraction method resulted in a higher quality and quantity of the extracted gDNA compared to the commercial and standard protocols and allowed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the V3–V4 regions of the 16S ribosomal gene in all the samples and the ITS-1 region of the fungal 18S ribosomal gene in 95% of the samples. These results suggest that the improved DNA extraction method demonstrates better performance for gDNA extraction from complex samples such as HM

Agronomic Response of Bell Pepper to the Aplicatión of Ultrasol Chile® in Fertigatión to the Open Field

Aims: To determine the agronomic response of the bell pepper grown in open field to the application of the Ultrasol chile® fertilizer via fertigation. Study Design: It was with the completely randomized model with five treatments (T0 or control, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 g L-1 of Ultrasol chile®) and four repetitions each. The comparison of means was by Tukey ≤ .05. Place and Duration of Study: Experimental fields "the Bajío” Buenavista, Plant Breeding Department of the Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. between June 2019 to December 2019. Methodology: In bell pepper five treatments were applied (T0 or control, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 g L-1 of Ultrasol chile®). The treatments were carried out via fertigation and applied three times a week, the applications started 15 days after the transplant and until the end of the cycle. Results: The yield behaved in a similar way with the applied doses of the fertilizer, however, they exceeded the control by more than 90%. Average fruit weight (AFW), fruit length (FL) and equatorial diameter of fruit (EDF) showed a differential statistical response, in which the application of 1 g L-1 of Ultrasol chile® via fertigation resulted in a better response and it surpassed the control in 120, 44 and 13.5% respectively. The height of the plant was statistically similar between the control and the 1.2 and 0.8 g L-1 treatments. The correlations indicate that the crop yield is a function of the AFW, FL and NFP, in turn the FL and EDF, are what determine the AFW. Conclusion: The most appropriate dose of Ultrasol chile® for bell pepper grown in the open field was 1 g L-1, since it improves the average weight of fruit, equatorial diameter of fruit and length of fruit, therefore, there is feasibility in the use of this commercial formulation

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Pecan Nut (<i>Carya illinoinensis</i>) Shell Extracts and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activity

Nowadays, the increase in bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics has become a real threat to the human health, forcing researchers to develop new strategies. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) may be a viable solution to this problem. The green synthesis of AgNPs is considered a green, ecological and low-priced process that provides small and biocompatible nanostructures with antimicrobial activity with a potential application in medicine. In this work, pecan nut shell extracts were analyzed in order to determine their viability for the production of AgNPs. These NPs were synthesized using an extract rich in bioactive molecules, varying the reaction time and silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentration. AgNPs production was confirmed by FT-IR, UV-Vis and EDX spectroscopy, while their morphology and size were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was evaluated by the agar diffusion method against Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis. The results showed that it is possible to obtain nanoparticles from an extract rich in antioxidant molecules with a size between 39.9 and 98.3 nm with a semi-spherical morphology. In addition, it was shown that the reaction time and the concentration of the precursor influence the final nanoparticles size. Antimicrobial tests showed that there is greater antimicrobial inhibition against Gram-negative than Gram-positive microorganisms, obtaining inhibition zone from 0.67 to 5.67 mm