STAREC (STAtus & RECording) - SUSTAV ZA PRAĆENJE I SNIMANJE STANJA NA BRODU

U članku je opisan STAREC (STAtus & RECording) sustav. Namijenjen je izvješćivanju u slučaju hitnosti i praćenju stanja broda prema podacima koje prima sa senzora na brodu. Sličan je crnoj kutiji u zrakoplovstvu, ali je i različit stoga što se sa podacima STAREC-a može manipulirati daljinski. STAREC je razvijen zato što veliki broj brodova nestane u plovidbi bez ikakvog znaka koji bi koristio za analizu okolnosti nesreće

PRAVILNA UPOTREBA VHF-a

Područje vrlo visokih frekvencija VHF (Very High Frequency) je izuzetno važno frekventno područje u kojemu rade sredstva komuniciranja sukladno zahtjevima GMOSS -a (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System - Svjetski pomorski sustav za pogibao i sigurnost) za zonu plovidbe A 1, zonu u kojoj se nalazi i Republika Hrvatska sa svojim morem. Naglašava se postojanje nediscipline komuniciranja na VHF-u, iznesena su neka iskustvena opažanja s postizanjem VHF veze u zavisnosti od meteoroloških uvjeta i uočava se nepravilna upotreba suvremenih komunikacijskih, više terestrički orijentiranih sredstava - mobilnih telefona

INMARSAT I COSPAS/SARSAT EPIRB-i

U sustavu GMDSS predviđena je upotreba INMARSAT, COSPASISARSA Ti VHF EPIRB-a. Već sada se pored prednosti primjećuju i nedostaci koji se najčešće očituju kao lažni pozivi. U ovom se radu procjenjuje pouzdanost INMARSA Ti COSPAS/SARSA T EPIRB-a sukladno definiciji da je pouzdanost sposobnost sustava vršiti određenu funkciju određeno vrijeme i upozorava na ugroženost koncepta GMDSS-a u ovom podsustavu

Određivanje fiksne točke mjerenja na mjestu događaja s pomoću jednoga GPS uređaja: utvrđivanje i minimiziranje pogrešaka na primjeru simuliranoga slučaja

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a standard tool for establishing a datum point at the outdoor crime scenes that lack fixed objects or landmarks. However, GPS is prone to multiple errors that occur with a different intensity in different time intervals and degrade the accuracy of the positioning. In the present simulated case, we have examined the error of establishing a position using a single hand-held GPS unit, as well as the efficiency of reducing the error by averaging multiple coordinates collected at the same spot through the time. The results have shown great variations between the actual position and position obtained by GPS through collection time, demonstrating that a single GPS reading is not a reliable tool for establishing an accurate datum point in a forensic context. However, when a sufficient number of fixes is averaged, periodical variations of GPS error less affect accuracy, and error linearly decreases. To minimize the error of positioning in forensic cases, we suggest developing a model for GPS application that considers the acceptable degree of error, available equipment, the specificity of the crime scene location and defining a detailed workflow for reducing the error with the averaging method.Globalni položajni sustav (engl. Global Positioning System - GPS) standardno je sredstvo za određivanje fiksne točke mjerenja na vanjskim mjestima događaja na kojima nema fiksnih objekata i prepoznatljivih točaka. Ipak, GPS je osjetljiv na brojne pogreške koje se pojavljuju u različitim intenzitetima i u različitim vremenskim intervalima te nepovoljno utječu na točnost određivanja položaja. U izloženome slučaju, ispitana je pogreška određivanja položaja s pomoću jednoga GPS uređaja, kao i učinkovitost smanjenja pogreške s pomoću uprosječivanja većega broja koordinata prikupljenih na istoj točki u širemu vremenskom intervalu. Rezultati su pokazali znatne varijacije između stvarnoga položaja i položaja određenoga GPS-om tijekom razmatranoga vremena; što upućuje na to da jednostruko očitavanje GPS položaja nije prikladno za određivanje fiksne točke mjerenja u forenzičnome kontekstu. Međutim, kada se uprosječi određeni broj točaka prikupljenih na istome položaju – periodička kolebanja pogreške GPS-a manje utječu na točnost i pogreška linearno opada. Kako bi se pogreška utvrđivanja položaja svela na najmanju moguću mjeru, predlaže se razvijanje modela za primjenu GPS-a kojim bi se razmotrila prihvatljiva razina pogreške, dostupna oprema i posebnosti različitih mjesta događaja te potanko odredio način i tijek smanjenja pogreške metodom uprosječivanja

Organizational and Legal Aspects of International Hydrographic Activity

Hydrographic activity has a strong international character. Products of hydrographic organizations are used for different purposes in the maritime industry, which is international in its very nature. That is the reason why it has been necessary on the international level to develop legislation that would give the industry an international character and frame. International conventions that regulate hydrographic activity are the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and the Convention on the International Hydrographic Organization. National regulations have great significance for the development of hydrographic activities. Although they are part of national law, such regulations indicate acceptance of the standards of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) and compatibility of products of national hydrographic organizations with accepted international standards. This paper analyses the international conventions which regulate hydrographic activity. It provides an overview of national legislation of important legal systems and Republic of Croatia concerning hydrographic activity. Changes to the Convention on International Hydrographic Organization are proposed

Increase of Combat Eff ectiveness of Warships with the Introduction into Operation of WECDIS

This paper analyses the possibility of increasing combat eff ectiveness of warships with the introduction into operation of Warship Electronic Chart Display and Information System (WECDIS) on board ships. This navigation computer information system, which complies with the rules of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and NATO STANAG 4564 (Standard Agreement 4564) helps the navigational offi cer in his daily work. Navigational offi cer has the ability to use diff erent tools and information necessary for the protection and effi cient use of a warship. The emergence of new technologies in the fi eld of warfare is in the most aspects of naval operations computerised and digitalised with the intent to build, display and allow manipulation with the Recognised Maritime Picture (RMP). It is therefore surprising that a lot of Navies are still navigating using only paper charts although the advantages and effi ciency provided by the WECDIS, if used correctly, are signifi cant. In the fi rst part of the paper WECDIS is analysed as a navigational system used on warships with all the advantages and disadvantages recognised during its use in navigation. In the second part an increase of the combat eff ectiveness of warships during execution of diff erent warfare operation is analysed

Određivanje fiksne točke mjerenja na mjestu događaja s pomoću jednoga GPS uređaja: utvrđivanje i minimiziranje pogrešaka na primjeru simuliranoga slučaja

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a standard tool for establishing a datum point at the outdoor crime scenes that lack fixed objects or landmarks. However, GPS is prone to multiple errors that occur with a different intensity in different time intervals and degrade the accuracy of the positioning. In the present simulated case, we have examined the error of establishing a position using a single hand-held GPS unit, as well as the efficiency of reducing the error by averaging multiple coordinates collected at the same spot through the time. The results have shown great variations between the actual position and position obtained by GPS through collection time, demonstrating that a single GPS reading is not a reliable tool for establishing an accurate datum point in a forensic context. However, when a sufficient number of fixes is averaged, periodical variations of GPS error less affect accuracy, and error linearly decreases. To minimize the error of positioning in forensic cases, we suggest developing a model for GPS application that considers the acceptable degree of error, available equipment, the specificity of the crime scene location and defining a detailed workflow for reducing the error with the averaging method.Globalni položajni sustav (engl. Global Positioning System - GPS) standardno je sredstvo za određivanje fiksne točke mjerenja na vanjskim mjestima događaja na kojima nema fiksnih objekata i prepoznatljivih točaka. Ipak, GPS je osjetljiv na brojne pogreške koje se pojavljuju u različitim intenzitetima i u različitim vremenskim intervalima te nepovoljno utječu na točnost određivanja položaja. U izloženome slučaju, ispitana je pogreška određivanja položaja s pomoću jednoga GPS uređaja, kao i učinkovitost smanjenja pogreške s pomoću uprosječivanja većega broja koordinata prikupljenih na istoj točki u širemu vremenskom intervalu. Rezultati su pokazali znatne varijacije između stvarnoga položaja i položaja određenoga GPS-om tijekom razmatranoga vremena; što upućuje na to da jednostruko očitavanje GPS položaja nije prikladno za određivanje fiksne točke mjerenja u forenzičnome kontekstu. Međutim, kada se uprosječi određeni broj točaka prikupljenih na istome položaju – periodička kolebanja pogreške GPS-a manje utječu na točnost i pogreška linearno opada. Kako bi se pogreška utvrđivanja položaja svela na najmanju moguću mjeru, predlaže se razvijanje modela za primjenu GPS-a kojim bi se razmotrila prihvatljiva razina pogreške, dostupna oprema i posebnosti različitih mjesta događaja te potanko odredio način i tijek smanjenja pogreške metodom uprosječivanja

HUMAN RESOURCES AND THEIR POSSIBLE FORENSIC MEANINGS

Forensics (forensis – before the Forum) means the application of knowledge from different scientific fields in order to define facts in judicial and/or administrative procedures. Nowadays forensics, besides this, finds its application even in different economic processes. For example, forensics enters the commercial areas of business intelligence and of different security areas. The European Commission recognized the importance of forensics, and underscored the importance of development of its scientific infrastructure in member States. We are witnessing the rise of various tragedies in economic and other kinds of processes. Undoubtedly, the world is increasingly exposed to various forms of threats whose occurrences regularly involve people. In this paper we are proposing the development of a new approach in the forensic assessment of the state of human resources. We are suggesting that in the focus should be the forensic approach in the psychological assessment of awareness of the individual and of the critical infrastructure sector operator (CISO) in determining the level of actual practical, rather than formal knowledge of an individual in a particular field of expertise, or in a specific scientific field, and possible forensic meanings

Distribution of Maritime Safety Information and Improvement Measures for Safety of Navigation

The number of losses and accidents in the maritime industry is steadily growing according to the annual report of the European Maritime Safety Agency (2015). Maritime accidents occur partly because of inaccurate, dubious, unreliable and/or misunderstood Maritime Safety Information (MSI). Therefore, this paper analyses the distribution of maritime safety information according to the developed model. The subsystem existence in the systematic functioning of the maritime safety information distribution is noticed. Apart from the others, information is distributed by the authorized national coordinators through the radio-distribution and the infrastructure of the coastal radio stations, the Very High Frequency-VHF, Navigational Text-NAVTEX and the International Maritime Satellite-INMARSAT by Safety NET. A proposal for maritime safety improvement measures is based on the expected distribution of maritime safety information. The application of new measures may increase the level of the investigated part of the maritime safety in the state systems responsible for maintenance or logistics of maritime motorways as well as seafarers themselves

Safety Issues, Security and Risk Management in Nautical Tourism

The relatively new nautical market gave rise to a special kind of tourism. Nautical tourism as a system has the characteristics of a traffic system with all its peculiarities. Nautical tourism is steadily increasing. In countries nurturing this type of economic activity, nautical tourism has the characteristics of mass tourism. Nautical tourism is a complex system consisting of and using various forms of technical and technological processes. As such it is exposed to various risks. Therefore, this paper proposes a systematic approach to the development of safety measures in nautical tourism