Effect of Vasaguduchyadi Kashaya in improving oxygen saturation in Covid patient - A Case Report

A pandemic of covid-19 caused by a mutant strain of corona virus i.e., SARS-coV-2 that has a capability to trigger respiratory tract infection has threatened the life of people all over the world. There is no proven medicine which can kill the virus and cure the disease. The Covid-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The most common symptoms of Covid-19 are Fever, cough, fatigue, loss of taste, sore throat and smell sensation. Other symptoms which are less common are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chills and dizziness. In Ayurveda, Acharya Charaka has explained the concept of epidemic diseases in the chapter Janapadodhwamsa of Vimana Sthana. There he has explained about the factors like Dooshita Vayu, Jala, Desha and Kaala in causing illness. If we see the Laxanas of covid19, they resemble like the Lakshanas of Pratishyaya where Acharya Sushruta has mentioned the Laxanas of Pratishyaya as Shirogurutva, Kshavatu, Angamarda and in Upadrava he mentioned Jwara and Arochaka Amrutarista which is mentioned in Jwara Rogadhikara in Bhaishajya Ratnavali is used in this case along with Vasaguduchyadi Kashaya which contains Vasa, Guduchi, Triphala, Vibhitaki, Katvi, Bhunimba, Nimba are helpful in reducing viral load and acts as Kaasa Shwasa Hara

Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in cardiometabolic disorders

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cardiometabolic disorders include cardiovascular diseases and metabolic conditions such as diabetes mellitus and represent a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Identification of specific biological pathways driving progression of these disorders may unveil targets for preventing and treating these diseases. Dysregulated myocardial and pancreatic beta-cell calcium handling may be a key mediator and driver of these disorders. Manganese is a calcium analogue which has paramagnetic properties. Cellular uptake of manganese by voltage gated L-type calcium channels causes T1 shortening and intracellular contrast enhancement on magnetic resonance. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging therefore represents a novel non-invasive method of assessing intracellular calcium handling. It has been used previously to assess myocardial viability and to assess myocardial calcium uptake in ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies. However, no prior studies have used manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate perturbations in myocardial calcium handling in patients with subclinical or clinically overt diabetic cardiomyopathy and it has never been used to assess pancreatic functional beta-cell mass in patients with type 1 diabetes. The aims of this thesis were 1) to assess the reproducibility and repeatability of manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, 2) to determine whether myocardial calcium uptake is altered in patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes without known cardiac disease, 3) to study the differences between myocardial calcium handling in patients with both heart failure and type 2 diabetes versus patients with heart failure without type 2 diabetes, and 4) to investigate whether manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging can be used as a non-invasive and reproducible measure pancreatic beta-cell function. METHODS: In study one, we assessed the intra-observer and inter-observer repeatability and scanrescan reproducibility of cardiac manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Twenty healthy volunteers, 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 18 patients with hypertrophic and 10 patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy underwent manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Native T1 values and myocardial manganese uptake (Ki) were assessed for intra and inter-observer repeatability. Scanrescan reproducibility was assessed in 10 healthy volunteers. In study two, we compared myocardial manganese uptake in patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes without cardiac disease versus healthy volunteers. Manganese-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed in people with type 1 diabetes (n=19), type 2 diabetes (n=30) and healthy volunteers (n=28), all without prevalent cardiac disease. In study three, we studied the differences between myocardial manganese uptake in patients with heart failure with or without type 2 diabetes. Twenty patients with both heart failure and type 2 diabetes and 20 patients with heart failure but without a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes underwent manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. In study four, 20 people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (10 with low (≥50 pmol/L) and 10 with very low (<50 pmol/L) C-peptide concentrations) and 15 healthy volunteers underwent manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas following an oral glucose load. Scan-rescan reproducibility was performed in 10 participants. In all the studies, cardiac and pancreatic manganese uptake (Ki) was measured using a two-compartment model, Patlak formulation. RESULTS: Intra-observer and inter-observer correlation was excellent in healthy volunteers for mean native T1 mapping (Lin’s correlation coefficient [LCC] 0.97 and 0.97 respectively) and myocardial manganese uptake (LCC: 0.99 and 0.96 respectively). Scan-rescan correlation for native T1 and myocardial manganese uptake was also excellent. Similarly, there was strong intra-observer agreement for native T1 and myocardial manganese uptake in patients with acute myocardial infarction (LCC: 0.97 and 0.97 respectively), hypertrophic (LCC: 0.98 and 0.97 respectively) and dilated cardiomyopathy (LCC: 0.99 and 0.95 respectively). In study two, we showed that myocardial manganese uptake was 23% and 22% lower in those with type 1 and 2 diabetes compared to healthy volunteers (Ki 6.43±0.77, 6.47±0.99 and 8.33±0.77 mL/100 g/min, respectively; P<0.001). There were no differences in left ventricular systolic and diastolic function (ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain, and peak early diastolic strain rate) between groups. In study three, we observed that myocardial manganese uptake was lower in patients with both heart failure and type 2 diabetes compared to patients with heart failure only (4.69±0.71 versus 5.48±0.88, p=0.03). There was no difference in left ventricular systolic function between the two groups. In study four, we demonstrated that mean pancreatic manganese uptake was 31±6 mL/100 g of tissue/min in healthy volunteers (median 32 [interquartile range 23-36] years, 6 women), falling to 23±4 and 13±5 mL/100 g of tissue/min (p≤0.002 for both) in people with type1 diabetes mellitus (52 [44-61] years, 6 women) and low or very low plasma Cpeptide concentrations respectively. Furthermore, pancreatic manganese uptake correlated strongly with plasma C-peptide concentrations in people with type1 diabetes mellitus (r=0.73, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated excellent intra-observer and inter-observer repeatability and scanrescan reproducibility for manganese-enhanced T1 mapping and kinetic modelling. Therefore, it has potential for future clinical applications. We have shown significant dysregulation of myocardial calcium handling in patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus in the absence of any apparent cardiac disease. Hence, abnormal calcium uptake may be an early pathologic feature of the diabetic heart, reduced to a similar extent in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In patients with heart failure, we observed a greater reduction in myocardial calcium uptake in patients with both heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus versus patients with heart failure without type 2 diabetes. This suggests that type 2 diabetes mellitus has a profound effect on myocardial calcium handling in patients with heart failure. Finally, we showed that manganese19 enhanced magnetic resonance imaging provides a reproducible non-invasive imaging technique to assess functional beta-cell mass in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Overall, we have demonstrated that dysregulated myocardial calcium handling plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy and beta-cell dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is a promising novel imaging technique for the diagnosis and risk stratification of a variety of cardiometabolic disorders. It has the potential to be used as a non-invasive biomarker to monitor disease progression and tracking response to novel therapies

Classifier-Based Text Simplification for Improved Machine Translation

Machine Translation is one of the research fields of Computational Linguistics. The objective of many MT Researchers is to develop an MT System that produce good quality and high accuracy output translations and which also covers maximum language pairs. As internet and Globalization is increasing day by day, we need a way that improves the quality of translation. For this reason, we have developed a Classifier based Text Simplification Model for English-Hindi Machine Translation Systems. We have used support vector machines and Na\"ive Bayes Classifier to develop this model. We have also evaluated the performance of these classifiers.Comment: In Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Computer Engineering and Applications 201

A modified energy detection based dynamic spectrum sharing technique and its real time implementation on wireless platform for cognitive radio networks

1043-1052Cognitive radio offers a flexible and efficient utilization of radio frequency resources by dynamic spectrum sharing as required in next gen (5G) architecture of wireless communication. The channel allocation time, probability of false alarm detection and spectral efficiency are the major performance parameters to characterize a spectrum sharing technique. This paper presents modified energy detection based dynamic channel allocation technique based on sensing the power spectral density of idle spectrum bands i.e. spectrum hole. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves have been used to analyze the detector performance of sensing with respect to probability false alarm at different values of SNR. Allocation of unoccupied bands to the SUs has been done by coalition based cooperative game, which provides SUs with an incentive to cooperate. Based on their worth, SUs get payoffs which have been computed using Shapely values as a one-point solution. Vickrey–Clarke–Groves (VCG) auction mechanism has been used to allocate the spectrum resources fairly to each user. On the basis of allocation time, the present model for dynamic spectrum access appears to be more efficient as compared to the conventional opportunistic spectrum access model

A modified energy detection based dynamic spectrum sharing technique and its real time implementation on wireless platform for cognitive radio networks

Cognitive radio offers a flexible and efficient utilization of radio frequency resources by dynamic spectrum sharing as required in next gen (5G) architecture of wireless communication. The channel allocation time, probability of false alarm detection and spectral efficiency are the major performance parameters to characterize a spectrum sharing technique. This paper presents modified energy detection based dynamic channel allocation technique based on sensing the power spectral density of idle spectrum bands i.e. spectrum hole. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves have been used to analyze the detector performance of sensing with respect to probability false alarm at different values of SNR. Allocation of unoccupied bands to the SUs has been done by coalition based cooperative game, which provides SUs with an incentive to cooperate. Based on their worth, SUs get payoffs which have been computed using Shapely values as a one-point solution. Vickrey–Clarke–Groves (VCG) auction mechanism has been used to allocate the spectrum resources fairly to each user. On the basis of allocation time, the present model for dynamic spectrum access appears to be more efficient as compared to the conventional opportunistic spectrum access model

Green Total Factor Productivity for India: Some Recent Estimates and Policy Directions

The conventional estimate of technological progress and aggregate productivity growth, the total factor productivity, or TFP, can be upwardly biased if environmental externalities generated during the production processes are not accounted for. In this paper, we revisit TFP growth rates across 146 countries in the world between 1990 and 2019 after accounting for their CO2 emissions. The Global Malmquist-Luenberger Productivity Index suggests that although India’s conventional TFP growth stands out to be one of the highest globally, especially since 2000, India’s average annual Green TFP growth is lowest, at almost zero per cent since 2000. Our estimates suggest that mostly the OECD countries may have maintained substantial progress in terms of green TFP, whereas the emerging economies in East and Southeast Asia may also be significantly lagging. While the policy tools in India are converging towards the advanced economies, our estimates suggest that India’s relative position has improved in terms of Green TFP growth in recent years

Phenolic and antioxidant capacity retention of potato peel waste as a function of cultivar, pretreatment and drying procedure

Drying procedures employed for potato peels (both raw and boiled) may adversely affect the useful bioactivecomponents present in them. This study envisaged the identification of a feasible drying procedure for handlingbulk potato peel waste for maximising the retention of phytochemicals in the peel powder. The total phenols (TP), flavonoids (TF) and antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed in peels of three commercial and one newly developed anthocyanin rich Indian potato cultivars in response to boiling pretreatment and varying drying procedures. Microwave drying (600W) was best in terms of drying rate for both raw and boiled peels. It yielded the greatest amount of TP and TF in the dried raw peel, irrespective of cultivar. Dried raw peels of an thocyanin rich Kufri Neelkanth cultivar exhibited maximum TAC. Retention of TF, metal scavenging activity and reducing power followed almost a similar pattern as TP irrespective of cultivar, pretreatment and drying procedure. Our study shows that potato peel from Kufri Neelkanth (raw) and Kufri Frysona (both raw and boiled) are best source of phenolics and flavonoids and can serve as a suitable matrix for extraction of bioactive compounds which holds promise for use in the food industry