Huge Pelvic Lipomatosis as an Unusual Cause of Acute Urinary Retention

Pelvic lipomatosis is a benign tumor of adipose tissues rarely seen in young males. Its clinical presentation is variable. Acute urinary retention is unusual pattern of presentation. This reports a case and management of huge pelvic lipomatosis in a 33‑year‑old African male presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms and acute urinary retention. The relevant literatures were also reviewed

Correlation between Body Mass Index and Gleason Score in Men with Prostate Cancer in Southeastern Nigeria

Introduction: Prostate cancer has an increasing global burden. The clinical course varies from an indolent disease to a rapidly aggressive cancer. It is associated with higher mortality in less developed nations due to late presentation. The Gleason scoring system for prostatic adenocarcinoma has prognostic implications in diagnosed cases. Obesity has been associated with the evolution of many cancers including prostate cancer. There are conflicting reports on the relationship between obesity, as measured by body mass index (BMI), and prostate cancer aggressiveness, as measured by Gleason score. This study is aimed to determine if a correlation exists between BMI and Gleason score in men with prostate cancer. Methodology: This was a prospective, hospital-based, cross-sectional study involving consecutive patients with prostate cancer. Clinical evaluation including anthropometry, digital rectal examination, and relevant investigations were done for each patient and data collected with pro forma. This was followed by prostate needle biopsy and those diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the prostate had their Gleason grades and scores obtained. Data were analyzed statistically using Spearman Correlation.  Results: The mean age of the patients was 69.54 ± 8.61 years (range 47–83 years). The BMI ranged from 16.98 to 36.45 kg/m2, with a mean of 27.03 ± 5.03 kg/m2. Twenty-six of the patients (36.1%) were overweight and 34.7% were obese. The mean total prostate-specific antigen was 118.65 ± 84.43 ng/ml, with a range of 31–406 ng/ml. The modal Gleason score was 9 with a range of 4–10. There was a strong positive correlation between BMI and Gleason score (r = 0.817, P = 0.0003). Conclusion: The BMI of patients with prostate cancer correlated positively with their Gleason score

Assessment of Complications of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Using Clavien‑Dindo Classification in South Eastern Nigeria

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is one of the most common diseases in aging males. For men that need surgical treatment, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the gold standard. The aim of this article is to retrospectively review the complications of TURP over a 3-year period in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi and a Specialist Urology Center in Awka all in Anambra South-East Nigeria using Clavien-Dindo classification. Patients and Methods: The study was a retrospective review of consecutive TURPs done over a 3-year period. Patients' information and complications arising from the procedure were collected and graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification with a pro forma designed for the study and analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 20.0. Results: Ninety-seven patients had TURP during the period of this study. Twenty-nine complications were noted in 24 patients. The postoperative morbidity rate was 24.74%, and no mortality was recorded. Most of the complications were grade 2 (55%), followed by grade 1 and 3 (20.69%) each. Grade 4a complication accounted for only 3.45%. No grade 5 complication was recorded. Conclusion: TURP is safe, with minimal life-threatening morbidity even in a resource-poor economy where TURP is gradually gaining grounds

Topology optimization for metal additive manufacturing: current trends, challenges, and future outlook

Metal additive manufacturing is gaining immense research attention. Some of these research efforts are associated with physics, statistical, or artificial intelligence-driven process modelling and optimisation, structure–property characterisation, structural design optimisation, or equipment enhancements for cost reduction and faster throughputs. In this review, the focus is drawn on the utilisation of topology optimisation for structural design in metal additive manufacturing. First, the symbiotic relationship between topology optimisation and metal additive manufacturing in aerospace, medical, automotive, and other industries is investigated. Second, support structure design by topology optimisation for thermal-based powder-bed processes is discussed. Third, the introduction of capabilities to limit manufacturing constraints and generate porous features in topology optimisation is examined. Fourth, emerging efforts to adopt artificial intelligence models are examined. Finally, some open-source and commercial software with capabilities for topology optimisation and metal additive manufacturing are explored. This study considers the challenges faced while providing perceptions on future research directions

Complications of prostate biopsy in two centres in Anambra State

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common malignant neoplasia in men and second cause of cancer related death after lung cancer. Prostate biopsy is the commonest procedure done by urologists and it is not without complications. We looked at the pattern of complications in our environment.Objective: To assess the incidence of complications and associated risk factors amongst our prostate biopsy patients.Methodology: A prospective study of the complications of prostate biopsy in 2 centers in Anambra South-Eastern NigeriaResult: A total of 208 patients qualified for the study. The commonest complication was haematuria which occurred in 22(10.6%) of the patients. No patient had haematospermia and no death was recorded. Other complications recorded were rectal bleeding (2.4%), Acute Urinary Retention (5%), fever (3.8%) and pain (4.3%). Other recorded complications were syncopal attack and caudal parasthaesia in one patient each.Conclusion: Prostate biopsy though considered safe, has attendant complications. This calls for caution in doing the procedure.Keywords: Transrectal biopsy, Haematuria, Rectal bleeding, Saddle paraesthesi