The attitude of Edmund Burke (1729-1797) toward Christianity and the churches

The purpose of this thesis is to bring to light the attitude of Edmund Burke (1729-1797) toward Christianity and the churches. Burke's impact on eighteenth century politics, and his rank as a philosopher, have been the subjects of many specialized studies, as well as being essential to any comprehensive view of the century in which he was such a power. However, there exists no adequate treatment of his religious thought, and it is the centrality of that theme which justifies this investigation of his life and works.In the first chapter I have attempted to set forth a brief sketch of Burke's life. Some twelve or more biographies have already appeared, and it is obviously impossible to box the compass of his many-sided life in so short a space. However, I have been guided in this first chapter by the central purpose of the study, that is, I have attempted to call attention to the religious aspect of his speeches and writings within the larger framework of the chief events of his lifetime. The examination of the Wentworth Woodhouse Manuscripts at Sheffield and the Milton Manuscripts at Lamport Hall yielded some most interesting biographical data not hitherto published, and I have Incorporated some of that material in this introductory chapter.The second chapter will carry the reader into the heart of the thesis. Here I set down Burke's attitude toward the major religious problems toward which he turned his prolific mind, together with an appraisal of his personal religion and integrity. The original work in this chapter has a two-fold aspect. First, I have endeavoured to bring together for the first time, from all Burke's published works and correspondence, the essential material on these themes. Secondly, the investigation of hundreds of Burke's hitherto unpublished letters, and his private notebooks, has made possible a fresh and comprehensive assise of his religious thought.The third chapter deals with Burke's political thought. Here I am of course indebted to all those who have so carefully and adequately set forth his political philosophy. Any claim to originality in this chapter is derived from the delineation of the religious presuppositions which Burke brought to the affairs of state. That Burke held such presuppositions has long been common knowledge; I simply document the proposi¬ tion and endeavour to show how integral was his religious thought to his political philosophy.The fourth, fifth, and sixth chapters are concerned with Burke's attitude toward The Established Church, The Dissenting Churches, and The Roman Catholic Church, respectively. There was little to be said of his attitude toward the establishment that had not already been recorded; hence chapter four is the shortest in the study. In the chapter on Dissent, however, I attempt to trace Burke's transition from a position of champion to that of cool detachment and then vigorous opposition. In the study of the Roman Catholic Church there is some hitherto unpublished material which sets into sharper focus his concern and lifelong sympathy, not only for Catholic Snancipation, but for the Roman Catholic Church as such

Characterization of Mechanically Cooled High Purity Germanium (HPGe) Detectors at Elevated Temperatures

High resolution gamma spectroscopy is a tool used in nuclear security applications due to its achievable energy resolution and associated ability to identify special nuclear material. This identification ability is achieved by identifying the characteristic gamma-rays of a material. The challenges that have confronted industry concerning the use of hand-held high purity germanium (HPGe) in homeland security applications have centered on weight, geometry, and cool-down time. Typical liquid nitrogen cooled detectors ranging in size from 10% to 150% detectors will cool down sufficiently within 2-6 hours of filling. The cool-down time achieved in this research ranges from 45 min on the smallest detector to six hours on the largest 180 cm3 detector; which is consistent with typical hand held HPGe devices. The weight and package geometry for HPGe-based designs is driven by the need to cool the HPGe detector to cryogenic temperatures. This is due to small bandgap (~0.7 eV) of HPGe. Liquid nitrogen or mechanical cooling is required to achieve such temperatures. This dissertation presents work performed to characterize energy resolution performance as a function of temperature in a new mechanically cooled HPGe detector design based upon a split-Stirling cryocooler. This research also quantifies the microphonic noise contribution from this cryocooler. Measurements have been taken on detector sizes ranging from 6.75 cubic centimeters to 180 cubic centimeters. Focus has been placed on determining volume dependence on energy resolution at elevated temperatures. Microphonic noise contribution from the cooler has also been studied over the same temperature range. This energy resolution degradation was most pronounced at low temperatures (\u3c110ºKelvin) and has been shown to be a function of cooler drive voltage. This research shows that in some cases the energy resolution degradation observed can be as much as 1.5 kiloelectronvolts. This differs from previous studies where detectors were liquid nitrogen cooled. This research is also an expansion of previous research in that the size of the detectors studied is larger than previous. Previously identified research is limited to 75 cubic centimeter volume detectors whereas detectors up to 180 cubic centimeters will be reviewed

A study of trust and commitment amongst nursing staff within NHS organisations

Merged with duplicate record 10026.1/812 on 28.02.2017 by CS (TIS)Much academic research supposes that there is a relationship between the level of trust amongst employees and their managers and the extent to which employees are committed, in terms of their attitudes and their behaviour towards the aims and objectives of the organisation and their daily tasks and duties (Kanter, 1972; Eisenstadt and Roniger, 1984; Geller 1988, Guest, 1991; Morgan and Hunt, 1994; Fine and Holyfield, 1996; Brocker, et al, 1997). This study has sought to explore and assess the level and nature of trust and the sources and the conditions which create trust between nursing staff and their managers within two NHS organisations (an acute and a community Trust) and to examine the level of attitudinal and behavioural commitment amongst nursing staff towards the organisation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the level of trust amongst nursing staff and their managers with their level of attitudinal and behavioural commitment. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. The research involved a comparative analysis of the findings of the research on trust and commitment amongst nursing staff within the two organisations. The results from this study informed the construction of models depicting and illustrating the nature of trust and commitment amongst nursing staff within the two NHS organisations. These models confirm much of the previous research carried out on employee trust and commitment and they also highlight the significance of organisational context and the professional commitments of nursing staff and the influence they have upon the level of trust and commitment amongst nursing staff within the two organisations

Quilting Topological Phases of Matter with Quantum Thread: A Luttinger Liquid Love Letter

Kicked off by the discovery of the quantum Hall effect in the early 1980s, the study of topological phases of matter has captured the attention of the condensed matter physics community for over four decades. With topologically ordered phases, symmetry-protected topological phases and, most recently, fracton phases, examples of states of matter beyond the Landau-Ginzburg symmetry breaking paradigm abound. One approach for constructing these novel states of matter is to employ a layered approach; 2-dimensional phases can be built by coupling together 1-dimensional wires , 3-dimensional phases can be built by coupling together 2-dimensional layers and/or 1-dimensional wires and so on. Two major advantages of this approach are its analytical tractability and its ability to describe chiral phases. In this dissertation we will make use of these constructions to study several new and exotic strongly coupled quantum phases of matter. These include necessarily interacting fermionic symmetry-protected topological phases, chiral fracton phases and stable compressible phases which lack any local order parameter

Patterns of stent purchasing in a collaborative procurement organisation

Leveraging purchasing power through collaborative purchasing arrangements is widely used to deliver efficiency savings in public procurement. The success of such arrangements requires the purchasing behaviours of individual members of the collaborative organisation to change in order to realise the benefits of lower prices. However the actual purchasing behaviours of organisations within a collaborative purchasing arrangement have not been widely researched. The research uses a stationary stochastic model of buyer behaviour, the NBDDirichlet, to describe and predict the purchasing behaviours of buyers of coronary and ureteral stents in a collaborative purchasing organisation in the English National Health Service. The three year analysis period is a period of major change for each category, the result of supplier promotional activity in the ureteral stent case and purchasing management activity in the case of the coronary stents. Deviations between the observed patterns of behaviour and the model predictions point to violations of the basic Dirichlet requirements of stationary markets and lack of partitioning. In both the ureteral and coronary stent cases the research identifies a segment of frequent purchasers whose behaviour differs from the rest of the population. The impact of framework agreements in restricting the purchasing repertoire of buyers is also identified as a deviation from typical purchasing patterns. Both interventions result in changes to established loyalty patterns, whereby the initial high observed levels of loyalty towards particular suppliers are replaced by a greater willingness to purchase from alternative suppliers. The data analysis also provides preliminary evidence for purchase deceleration as buyers defer purchases during a negotiation period in anticipation of improved pricing

Automated Image Analysis of Offshore Infrastructure Marine Biofouling

Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/6/1/2/s1 Acknowledgments: This project was funded by the Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) project No.: NE/N019865/1. The authors would like to thank Melanie Netherway and Don Orr, from our project partner (company requested to remain anonymous) for the provision of survey footage and for supporting the project. In addition, many thanks to Oscar Beijbom, University California Berkley for providing guidance and support to the project. Additional thanks to Calum Reay, Bibby Offshore; George Gair, Subsea 7; and Alan Buchan, Wood Group Kenny for help with footage collection and for allowing us to host workshops with them and their teams, their feedback and insights were very much appreciated.Peer reviewedPublisher PD