26,540 research outputs found
Singular limits in phase dynamics with physical viscosity and capillarity
Following pioneering work by Fan and Slemrod who studied the effect of
artificial viscosity terms, we consider the system of conservation laws arising
in liquid-vapor phase dynamics with {\sl physical} viscosity and capillarity
effects taken into account. Following Dafermos we consider self-similar
solutions to the Riemann problem and establish uniform total variation bounds,
allowing us to deduce new existence results. Our analysis cover both the
hyperbolic and the hyperbolic-elliptic regimes and apply to arbitrarily large
Riemann data.
The proofs rely on a new technique of reduction to two coupled scalar
equations associated with the two wave fans of the system. Strong
convergence to a weak solution of bounded variation is established in the
hyperbolic regime, while in the hyperbolic-elliptic regime a stationary
singularity near the axis separating the two wave fans, or more generally an
almost-stationary oscillating wave pattern (of thickness depending upon the
capillarity-viscosity ratio) are observed which prevent the solution to have
globally bounded variation.Comment: 30 page
Boundary layers in weak solutions to hyperbolic conservation laws
This paper is concerned with the initial-boundary value problem for a
nonlinear hyperbolic system of conservation laws. We study the boundary layers
that may arise in approximations of entropy discontinuous solutions. We
consider both the vanishing viscosity method and finite difference schemes
(Lax-Friedrichs type schemes, Godunov scheme). We demonstrate that different
regularization methods generate different boundary layers. Hence, the boundary
condition can be formulated only if an approximation scheme is selected first.
Assuming solely uniform L\infty bounds on the approximate solutions and so
dealing with L\infty solutions, we derive several entropy inequalities
satisfied by the boundary layer in each case under consideration. A Young
measure is introduced to describe the boundary trace. When a uniform bound on
the total variation is available, the boundary Young measure reduces to a Dirac
mass. Form the above analysis, we deduce several formulations for the boundary
condition which apply whether the boundary is characteristic or not. Each
formulation is based a set of admissible boundary values, following Dubois and
LeFloch's terminology in ``Boundary conditions for nonlinear hyperbolic systems
of conservation laws'', J. Diff. Equa. 71 (1988), 93--122. The local structure
of those sets and the well-posedness of the corresponding initial-boundary
value problem are investigated. The results are illustrated with convex and
nonconvex conservation laws and examples from continuum mechanics.Comment: 43 page
On the Disalignment of Interstellar Grains
Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the alignment of grains with
the interstellar magnetic field, including paramagnetic dissipation, radiative
torques, and supersonic gas-grain streaming. These must compete with
disaligning processes, including randomly directed torques arising from
collisions with gas atoms. I describe a novel disalignment mechanism for grains
that have a time-varying electric dipole moment and that drift across the
magnetic field. Depending on the drift speed, this mechanism may yield a much
shorter disalignment timescale than that associated with random gas atom
impacts. For suprathermally rotating grains, the new disaligning process may be
more potent for carbonaceous dust than for silicate dust. This could result in
efficient alignment for silicate grains but poor alignment for carbonaceous
grains.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Ap
Narrow-band noise due to the moving vortex lattice in superconducting niobium
We report measurements of voltage noise due to vortex motion in Niobium, a
conventional low-Tc superconductor. A coherent oscillation leading to narrow
band noise (NBN) is evidenced. Its characteristic frequency is a linear
function of the overcritical transport current in the flux-flow regime, and
hence scales as the main velocity of the vortex flow. The associated length
scale is not the intervortex distance but the width of the sample, indicating
temporal coherence at a large scale. NBN is also observed in the non linear
part of the V(I) at the onset of depinning, in apparent disagreement with a
stochastic creep motion of flux bundles. NBN exists in the peak effect region,
showing that long range temporal correlations are preserved in this regime.Comment: accepted for publication in Phys Rev
Operational and Organizational Issues Facing Corporate Real Estate Executives and Managers
This article examines three major categories of issues facing corporate real estate executives in the future, as determined by a Delphi process survey conducted by the authors. We present areas of agreement and disagreement among the corporate executives surveyed, and distill the results of the Delphi survey and other major studies on the future of corporate real estate into a research agenda for further inquiry.
Suppression of Subsynchronous Vibration in the SSME HPFTP
Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) High Pressure Fuel Turbopump (HPFTP) hot-fire dynamic data evaluation and rotordynamic analysis both confirm that two of the most significant turbopump attributes in determining susceptibility to subsynchronous vibration are impeller interstage seal configuration and rotor sideload resulting from turbine turnaround duct configuration and hot gas manifold. Recent hot-fire testing has provided promising indications that the incorporation of roughened damping seals at the impeller interstages may further increase the stability margin of this machine. A summary of the analysis which led to the conclusion that roughened seals would enhance the stability margin is presented along with a correlation of the analysis with recent test data
The role of the individual in the coming era of process-based therapy
For decades the development of evidence-based therapy has been based on experimental tests of protocols designed to impact psychiatric syndromes. As this paradigm weakens, a more process-based therapy approach is rising in its place, focused on how to best target and change core biopsychosocial processes in specific situations for given goals with given clients. This is an inherently more idiographic question than has normally been at issue in evidence-based therapy over the last few decades. In this article we explore methods of assessment and analysis that can integrate idiographic and nomothetic approaches in a process-based era.Accepted manuscrip
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