Dynamic Factor Price Equalization & International Convergence

We offer a duality-based methodology for incorporating multi-sector effects of international trade into open economy macroeconomic models, developing the concepts of the dynamic factor price equalization set and the integrated intertemporal equilibrium. Under this approach, the aggregate production function depends on output prices and factor endowment stocks. It preserves all of the structure of a standard GDP function from the trade theory literature. In a two-country version of the model considered below, we examine the properties of the dynamic factor price equalization set. If the global economy is initially outside of this set, the equations of motion will pull the economy back into this set. Inside the dynamic FPE set, factor prices are equalized internationally, and with identical tastes and technology, the economy can be regarded as a fully integrated world equilibrium in a dynamic sense (the integrated intertemporal equilibrium). In this equilibrium, all of the standard properties of a closed economy one-sector neoclassical growth model hold, ruling out cycles and chaos, and allowing us to characterize the evolution of international inequality and the persistence of productivity and endowment shocks. Working from the integrated intertemporal equilibrium, we identify properties of persistence linked to inequality and real economic shocks. Cross-country differences in per capita incomes and wealth, and the factor content of trading patterns, may persist over time and even into the new steady state. This provides yet another reason why we might observe lack of income convergence internationally. In addition, real shocks in one country may be transmitted to the other country through factor markets and product prices, and may have persistent effects into the steady-state as well. The model can also generate an endogenous Balassa-Samuelson effect.Neoclassical Models of Trade, Economic Growth of Open Economies, Cross- Country Output Convergence

Automotive Intrusion Detection Based on Constant CAN Message Frequencies Across Vehicle Driving Modes

The modern automobile relies on numerous electronic control units communicating over the de facto standard of the controller area network (CAN) bus. This communication network was not developed with cybersecurity in mind. Many methods based on constant time intervals between messages have been proposed to address this lack of security issue with the CAN bus. However, these existing methods may struggle to handle variable time intervals between messages during transitions of vehicle driving modes. This paper proposes a simple and cost-effective method to ensure the security of the CAN bus that is based on constant message frequencies across vehicle driving modes. This proposed method does not require any modifications on the existing CAN bus and it is designed with the intent for efficient execution in platforms with very limited computational resources. Test results with the proposed method against two different vehicles and a frequency domain analysis are also presented in the paper

Survey of Automotive Controller Area Network Intrusion Detection Systems

Novel attacks continue to appear against in-vehicle networks due to the increasing complexity of heterogeneous software and hardware components used in vehicles. These new components introduce challenges when developing efficient and adaptable security mechanisms. Several intrusion detection systems (IDS) have been proposed to identify and protect in-vehicle networks against malicious activities. We describe the state-of-the-art intrusion detection methods for securing automotive networks, with special focus on the Controller Area Network (CAN). We provide a description of vulnerabilities, highlight threat models, identify known attack vectors present in CAN, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of suggested solutions

Validation of Nitrogen Calibration Strip Technology for Prescribing Accurate Topdress Nitrogen Fertilizer

The purpose of this study was to determine a method of determining Nitrogen rate recommendations midseason by the use of preplant N strips (called the nitrogen calibration strips) by using both visual observations and optical sensor measurements. From the results obtained in this experiment from a two year period temporal variability was a major factor. Many of the sites may have shown no significant difference from the added topdress treatments therefore added N would have not had a significant increase in yield. The use of preplant NCS is a good indicator of the amount of N to apply although when making a visual indication of how much N should be applied requires more preplant N rates than just three rates. From many of the trails that were conducted in farmer fields there was adequate amounts of N put on preplant to carry the wheat crop through maturity.Department of Plant and Soil Science

Case Report: Successful Staged Ureteroscopic Treatment of a 5 cm Staghorn Renal Calculus

It is widely accepted that percutaneous nephrostolithotorny (PCNL) is the standard of choice for the removal of large staghorn renal calculi. Although data exists supporting a stagad ureteroscopic as an alternate treatment for stones up to 3 cm in select patients, little data exists to support a ureteroscopic approach for stones as large as 5 cm. We present a case of a 68 year old female with a 5 cm staghorn renal calculus managed successfully with a staged ureteroscopic approach. A staged ureteroscopic approach can be effective in treating stones as large as 5 cm

Motivation Strategies and Exiting Class by Students in Inquiry-Oriented Biology Labs

Experimental inquiry-oriented science labs can be designed to have students regulate their own learning and decide when they leave class or to have the teacher regulate student learning and determine when they leave class. In this study, grades were examined relative to student exit times in a student-regulated class design. Preliminary interviews revealed four motivation strategies likely to differentially influence exit times and grades: proficiency, grade-target-A, grade-target-C, and time-limited. Students were categorized into the four groups of motivation strategies with a survey. Twenty teaching assistants teaching three lab sections each taught the stand-alone lab class. Students recorded the time they left class each week. Grades were determined as the overall percentage of points a student received in class. Results of the survey showed that the four motivation strategies were well represented in the student population, and two additional strategies were also frequently seen: a hybrid-1 between proficiency and grade-target-A, and a hybrid-2 between time-limited and grade-target-C. Grades were significantly higher for grade-target-A and hybrid-1 students, followed by time-limited, proficiency, grade-target-C, and hybrid 2. Time spent in class was not significantly different among categories. Students who chose to stay in class longer had significantly higher grades. If a grade is the goal, these results support the idea of a teacher-controlled exit time for the students in these inquiry-oriented labs. Implications are discussed

Implementasi Public Relations Digital Dalam Membangun Brand Awareness Perusahaan Financial Technology

Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi telah mendatangkan banyak perubahan dalam berbagai bidang profesi di indonesia salah satunya bagi public relations (PR). Pada saat ini, PR dituntut untuk dapat bekerja mengikuti perkembangan teknologi salah satunya dengan menjadi public relations digital khususnya bagi PR pada sebuah industri financial yang terkait dengan teknologi yaitu fintech (financial technology). Pada tanggal 11 Agustus 2016, Jenius diluncurkan sebagai salah satu fintech Life Finance pertama dibawah bank BTPN. Jenius berusaha memposisikan mereknya sebagai mudah, pintar, dan aman untuk menarik para masyakarat melek digital. Sebagai perusahaan baru, Jenius cukup sukses dalam industry fintech dibandingkan bank lainnya. Maka, PR digital Jenius memiliki tugas besar untuk membangun brand awareness perusahaannya. Ini sangat menarik bagi peneliti untuk di gali lebih jauh mengenai bagaimana implementasi PR digital Jenius dalam membangun brand awareness? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data diambil dari wawancara dan observasi yang isinya di analisis dengan cara interpretasi. Tehnik sampling menggunakan tehnik purposive sampling, memilih Citra Tresna Asih selaku Social Media Specialist dan Aditya Nugroho selaku Social Media Officer. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan, bahwa PR digital Jenius telah mengimplementasikan Huddle, Social media monitoring, Complaint Handling, Social Media Management, Social Media Campaign, dan Analytic dalam membangun brand awareness dengan baik. Dampak dari pembangunan brand awareness ini membuat Jenius sukses mendapat 1.2 juta pengguna dan mendapatkan berbagai penghargaan dalam waktu 3 tahun. Kata Kunci: Public Relations Digital, Brand Awareness, dan Financial Technology (fintech). The development of communication and information technology has brought in many changes in various areas profession in Indonesia, one of them is public relations (PR). At the present time, PR are required to can work closely follow the developments technology one of them is by being public relations digital especially for PR on a financial industry associated with technology that is fintech (financial technology). In August 11 2016, Jenius launch as one of the first Fintech Life Finance under BTPN bank. Jenius trying to position the brand as simple, smart, and save to attract the digital savvy people. As a new company, Jenius is quite successful in fintech industry compared to other banks. So Jenius PR digital have a big job to build their organization brand awareness. This is interesting for researchers to investigate further on how the implementation of digital PR in building brand awareness? This research applies descriptive-qualitative method. Data collection is worked through interview and observation which are the materials for analysis using interpretation. Sampling technique is purposive sampling, placing Citra Tresna Asih the Social Media Specialist as the key informant and one other officials as common informants Aditya Nugroho the Social Media Officer. The results of this study indicate, that the implementation of digital PR through Huddle, Social Media Monitoring, Complaint Handling, Social Media Management, Social Media Campaign, and Analytic are quite significant in building brand awareness. The impact of the brand awareness has made Jenius successful to have 1.2 million users and get various award in 3 years Key words: Public Relations Digital, Brand Awareness, dan Financial Technology(fintech

A Few Signatories for the Proposal for an Association of Law Teachers

Letters from several professors who agreed to be signatories for the proposal for an association of law teachers

Anomaly Detection Approach Using Adaptive Cumulative Sum Algorithm for Controller Area Network

The modern vehicle has transformed from a purely mechanical system to a system that embeds several electronic devices. These devices communicate through the in-vehicle network for enhanced safety and comfort but are vulnerable to cyber-physical risks and attacks. A well-known technique of detecting these attacks and unusual events is by using intrusion detection systems. Anomalies in the network occur at unknown points and produce abrupt changes in the statistical features of the message stream. In this paper, we propose an anomaly-based intrusion detection approach using the cumulative sum (CUSUM) change-point detection algorithm to detect data injection attacks on the controller area network (CAN) bus. We leverage the parameters required for the change-point algorithm to reduce false alarm rate and detection delay. Using real dataset generated from a car in normal operation, we evaluate our detection approach on three different kinds of attack scenarios

Towards Reverse Engineering Controller Area Network Messages Using Machine Learning

The automotive Controller Area Network (CAN) allows Electronic Control Units (ECUs) to communicate with each other and control various vehicular functions such as engine and braking control. Consequently CAN and ECUs are high priority targets for hackers. As CAN implementation details are held as proprietary information by vehicle manufacturers, it can be challenging to decode and correlate CAN messages to specific vehicle operations. To understand the precise meanings of CAN messages, reverse engineering techniques that are time-consuming, manually intensive, and require a physical vehicle are typically used. This work aims to address the process of reverse engineering CAN messages for their functionality by creating a machine learning classifier that analyzes messages and determines their relationship to other messages and vehicular functions. Our work examines CAN traffic of different vehicles and standards to show that it can be applied to a wide arrangement of vehicles. The results show that the function of CAN messages can be determined without the need to manually reverse engineer a physical vehicle