Fruit crops: a summary of research, 1998

Pesticide deposition in orchards: effects of pesticide type, tree canopy, timing, cultivar, and leaf type / Franklin R. Hall, Jane A. Cooper, and David C. Ferree -- The influence of a synthetic foraging attractant, Bee-Scent™, on the number of honey bees visiting apple blossoms and on subsequent fruit production / James E. Tew and David C. Ferree -- The reliability of three traps vs. a single trap for determining population levels of codling moth in commercial northern Ohio apple orchards / Ted W. Gastier -- Evaluation of an empirical model for predicting sooty blotch and flyspeck of apples in Ohio / Michael A. Ellis, Laurence V. Madden, and L. Lee Wilson -- Influence of pesticides and water stress on photosynthesis and transpiration of apple / David C. Ferree, Franklin R. Hall, Charles R. Krause, Bruce R. Roberts, and Ross D. Brazee -- Influence of temporary bending and heading on branch development and flowering of vigorous young apple trees / David C. Ferree and John C. Schmid -- The effect of apple fruit bruising on total returns / Richard C. Funt, Ewen A. Cameron, and Nigel H. Banks -- Yield, berry quality, and economics of mechanical berry harvest in Ohio / Richard C. Funt, Thomas E. Wall, and Joseph C. Scheerens -- Monitoring flower thrips activities in strawberry fields at two Ohio locations / Roger N. Williams, M. Sean Ellis, Dan S. Fickle, and Carl M. Pelland -- Cluster thinning effects on fruit weight, juice quality, and fruit skin characteristics in 'Reliance' grapes / Yu Gao and Garth A. Cahoon -- Effects of various fungicide programs on powdery mildew control, percent berry sugar, yield, and vine vigor of 'Concord' grapes in Ohio / Michael A. Ellis, Laurence V. Madden, L. Lee Wilson, and Gregory R. Johns -- Influence of growth regulators, cropping, and number on replacement trunks of winter-injured 'Vidal Blanc' grapes / David C. Ferree, David M. Scurlock, and Rick Evans -- Effect of new herbicides on tissue-cultured black raspberry plants / Richard C. Funt, Thomas E. Wall, and B. Dale Stokes -- Investigating the relationship between vine vigor and berry set of field-grown 'Seyval Blanc' grapevines / Steven J. McArtney and David C. Ferree -- Summary of Ohio Fruit Growers Society apple cider competition, 1993-1997 / Winston Bash and Diane Mille

Ant-Visited Extrafloral (Calyx and Foliar) Nectaries and Nectar Sugars of Erythrina flabelliformis Kearney in Arizona

Volume: 66Start Page: 472End Page: 48

Analysis of a Multi-Environment Trial for Black Raspberry (<i>Rubus occidentalis</i> L.) Quality Traits

U.S. black raspberry (BR) production is currently limited by narrowly adapted, elite germplasm. An improved understanding of genetic control and the stability of pomological traits will inform the development of improved BR germplasm and cultivars. To this end, the analysis of a multiple-environment trial of a BR mapping population derived from a cross that combines wild ancestors introgressed with commercial cultivars on both sides of its pedigree has provided insights into genetic variation, genotype-by-environment interactions, quantitative trait loci (QTL), and QTL-by-environment interactions (QEI) of fruit quality traits among diverse field environments. The genetic components and stability of four fruit size traits and six fruit biochemistry traits were characterized in this mapping population following their evaluation over three years at four distinct locations representative of current U.S. BR production. This revealed relatively stable genetic control of the four fruit size traits across the tested production environments and less stable genetic control of the fruit biochemistry traits. Of the fifteen total QTL, eleven exhibited significant QEI. Closely overlapping QTL revealed the linkage of several fruit size traits: fruit mass, drupelet count, and seed fraction. These and related findings are expected to guide further genetic characterization of BR fruit quality, management of breeding germplasm, and development of improved BR cultivars for U.S. production

Nonanthocyanin Secondary Metabolites of Black Raspberry (<i>Rubus occidentalis</i> L.) Fruits: Identification by HPLC-DAD, NMR, HPLC-ESI-MS, and ESI-MS/MS Analyses

Nonanthocyanin secondary metabolites potentially contributing to the antiproliferative bioactivity of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) fruits were extracted in ethyl acetate and isolated by semipreparative and analytical HPLC and analyzed by NMR, HPLC-ESI-MS, and ESI-MS/MS techniques. Here we present complete and partial structures of a variety of the chemical entities such as quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside, myricetin glucoside, dihydrokaempferol glucoside, benzoic acid β-d-glucopyranosyl ester, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, epicatechin, caffeic acid, <i>p-</i>coumaric acid, <i>p-</i>coumaryl glucoside, <i>p-</i>coumaryl sugar ester, ellagic acid, methyl ellagic acid acetylpentose, methyl ellagic acid valerylpentose, <i>trans</i>-piceid, phloretin glucoside (phloridzin), dihydrosinapic acid, salicylic acid β-d-glucopyranosyl ester, a salicylic acid derivative without attached sugar, <i>p-</i>alkylphenyl glucoside, and a citric acid derivative. To our knowledge, 15 of these compounds were not previously reported in black raspberry fruits

NMR-Based Metabolomic Investigation of Bioactivity of Chemical Constituents in Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) Fruit Extracts

Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) (BR) fruit extracts with differing compound profiles have shown variable antiproliferative activities against HT-29 colon cancer cell lines. This study used partial least-squares (PLS) regression analysis to develop a high-resolution ¹H NMR-based multivariate statistical model for discerning the biological activity of BR constituents. This model identified specific bioactive compounds and ascertained their relative contribution against cancer cell proliferation. Cyanidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-xylosylrutinoside were the predominant contributors to the extract bioactivity, but salicylic acid derivatives (e.g., salicylic acid glucosyl ester), quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside, <i>p</i>-coumaric acid, epicatechin, methyl ellagic acid derivatives (e.g., methyl ellagic acetyl pentose), and citric acid derivatives also contributed significantly to the antiproliferative activity of the berry extracts. This approach enabled the identification of new bioactive components in BR fruits and demonstrates the utility of the method for assessing chemopreventive compounds in foods and food products