Arab Families and Youth: A Century of War, Migration and Displacement - Technical Report

Arab Families Working Group (AFWG) is the longest-running research group in the Arab world that focuses on collaborative, comparative, interdisciplinary research on Arab families and youth. For eleven years the focus has been on Egypt, Lebanon, Palestine and their diasporas in the USA and Canada. For over 5 years, AFWG has conducted Stakeholder and training workshops with NGO’s, scholar/activists and related interested professionals in Egypt, Lebanon, and Palestine to share work and to engage in dialogue over their interests and concerns. A bibliographic appendix contains listings of articles, policy briefs, publications, websites, presentations, videos, training materials and workshops

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Framings: Rethinking Arab Family Projects - The Arab Families Working Group - Volume I

This book represents the theoretical framings which emerged in the first three years of the Arab Families Working Group project..

Palestinian youth political participation at a crossroad: between imaginary state building and national liberation

Submitted to The International Journal of Refugee StudiesThis article examines Palestinian youth’s political participation in a political context of contradictory duality: a continued Israeli occupation and a Palestinian state-building. The survey findings revealed that there is a significant gap between youth’s interest in politics and their actual participation. Political participation varies across gender, geographical locale, residence, educational level and work status. Males, Gaza residents, refugees and those with secondary and university education showed interest and willingness to participate in politics. While almost half of the interviewed have no confidence in politicians and think that they are not concerned about youth or their issues. Youth’s concerns are more social than political, and their most important aspirations and desires they have ranked embody personal advancement

Women and Islamic cultures scholars database : technical report

The objective was to make available to the general public an on-line database of experts on women and Islamic culture from all over the world. The Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures (EWIC) Scholars Database was first published in November 2007. By June (2008) 1,682 templates of scholars from all over the world in all disciplines were entered into the database. This two-page report covers activities and outcomes of the project

Among Brothers: Patriarchal Connectivity and Brotherly Deference in Lebanon

This volume represents revised versions of a collection of papers presented at Cairo Papers Ninth Annual Symposium on \u27\u27The New Arab Family,\u27\u27 held in May 2000. Marriage, divorce, and related topics were center stage, particularly in the demographic papers. Another focus was to combine two very different approaches to the study of the family -- on the one hand demographic, and on the other broadly sociological or anthropological, or as some would say, psychodynamic, that is to say focusing on dyadic or multi-member networks of relationships within the family. Some of these papers in turn focused on \u27\u27agency,\u27\u27 the ways in which individual action fit into cultural and social frames. The research covers most of the Arab world, though with a focus on Egypt. In addition to general papers relying on demographic data from different parts of the Arab world, the volume includes case studies from Tunisia, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia.https://fount.aucegypt.edu/faculty_book_chapters/2109/thumbnail.jp