Where should we put the focus of schizophrenia research in the next five years? The ROAMER Project: future directions and their implementation

ROAMER (Roadmap for Mental Health Research in Europe) was a 3.5 year pan-European, multidisciplinaryproject. Its goal was to generate priorities for mental health and wellbeing research across Europe for the next10–15 years. This article discusses the findings of the project in relation to future schizophrenia research.</p

Where should we put the focus of schizophrenia research in the next five years? The ROAMER Project: future directions and their implementation

ROAMER (Roadmap for Mental Health Research in Europe) was a 3.5 year pan-European, multidisciplinaryproject. Its goal was to generate priorities for mental health and wellbeing research across Europe for the next10–15 years. This article discusses the findings of the project in relation to future schizophrenia research.</p

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder in Older Adults from Germany

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for adhesive capsulitis in older adults from Germany. The one-year and lifetime prevalence of adhesive capsulitis were assessed in adults aged ≥65 years with at least one visit to one of 1207 general practices in Germany in 2021. Associations between physical and psychiatric conditions and adhesive capsulitis were further assessed in older patients diagnosed for the first time with adhesive capsulitis in general practices in 2010–2021 (index date) and matched (1:5) to patients without adhesive capsulitis using a propensity score based on age, sex, and the index year. In adults without adhesive capsulitis, the index date was a randomly selected visit date in 2010–2021. The one-year and lifetime prevalence of adhesive capsulitis in older adults in 2021 were 0.4% and 2.4%, respectively. In 8439 patients with and 42,195 patients without adhesive capsulitis, 12 conditions were positively and significantly associated with adhesive capsulitis. Effect sizes were strongest for other and unspecified osteoarthritis (OR = 1.93), injury to the shoulder and upper arm (OR = 1.85), and injury to the thorax (OR = 1.47). Based on these findings, adhesive capsulitis can occur at older age, and osteoarthritis and injuries are major risk factors

Prevalence of and factors associated with long-term sick leave in working-age adults with osteoarthritis: a retrospective cohort study conducted in Germany

Purpose: Little is known about the impact of osteoarthritis on the long-term work participation of working-age adults. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and the factors associated with long-term sick leave in people newly diagnosed with osteoarthritis from Germany. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients aged 18-65 years diagnosed with osteoarthritis for the first time (index date) in 1 of 1198 general practices in Germany between 2016 and 2019 (Disease Analyzer database, IQVIA). Patients were considered to be on long-term sick leave if they were absent from work for medical reasons for more than 42 days in the year following the index date. Independent variables included sociodemographic characteristics, type of osteoarthritis, and frequent comorbidities. The association between these variables and long-term sick leave (dependent variable) was studied using an adjusted logistic regression model. Results: This study included 51,034 patients with osteoarthritis [mean (standard deviation) age 50.8 (9.2) years; 50.9% women]. The prevalence of long-term sick leave was 36.2%. Younger age and male sex were positively and significantly associated with long-term sick leave compared with older age and female sex, respectively. There was also a strong relationship between several comorbidities (e.g., reaction to severe stress, and adjustment disorders, gastritis and duodenitis, and depression) with long-term sick leave. Conclusions: The prevalence of long-term sick leave was high in this sample of patients newly diagnosed with osteoarthritis from Germany. In this context, interventions should be implemented to increase the long-term working participation of people with osteoarthritis

Is there an association between breast cancer and incident adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder? A retrospective cohort study from Germany

Purpose Preliminary data suggest that women with breast cancer are at particularly high risk of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential association between breast cancer and adhesive capsulitis in adults from Germany. Methods This retrospective cohort study included all women aged ≥ 18 years who were diagnosed for the first time with breast cancer in one of 1,274 general practices in Germany between January 2000 and December 2018 (index date). Women without breast cancer were matched (1:1) to those with breast cancer using a propensity score based on age at the index date, index year, and the average number of medical consultations per year during the follow-up. In women without breast cancer, the index date was a randomly selected visit date between 2000 and 2018. The association between breast cancer and the 10-year incidence of adhesive capsulitis was studied using Kaplan–Meier curves and a Cox regression model adjusted for age and several comorbidities. Results There were 52,524 women included in this study (mean [SD] age 64.2 [12.9] years). The 10-year incidence of adhesive capsulitis was 3.6% in both the group with and the group without breast cancer (log-rank p-value = 0.317). The Cox regression analysis further showed no significant association between breast cancer and adhesive capsulitis (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.86–1.08). Conclusion In this sample of women from Germany, breast cancer was not significantly associated with adhesive capsulitis. Although the present preliminary findings are reassuring, general practitioners should regularly assess shoulder function in breast cancer survivors

Chronic Low Back Pain and Incident Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke in General Practices in Germany

The aim was to investigate the association between chronic low back pain (CLBP) and 18 incident transient ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke in Germany. The present retrospective cohort 19 study included adults aged ≥18 years who were diagnosed for the first time with CLBP in one of 20 1,198 general practices in Germany in 2005-2019 (index date). Patients without CLBP were matched 21 to those with CLBP (1:1) using a propensity score based on age, sex, the index year, the number of 22 medical consultations per year during the follow-up, and the number of years of follow-up. In pa-23 tients without CLBP, the index date was a randomly selected visit date. Both groups were followed 24 for up to 10 years. There were 159,440 patients included in the study [mean (SD) age 52.1 (16.5) 25 years; 51.5% women]. Within 10 years of the index date, 6.5% and 5.9% of patients with and without 26 CLBP were diagnosed with TIA or stroke, respectively (log-rank p-value<0.001). The Cox regression 27 analysis corroborated these results, as there was a significant association between CLBP and inci-28 dent TIA or stroke (HR=1.28, 95% CI=1.22-1.35). CLBP was positively and significantly associated 29 with incident TIA and stroke in Germany. More research is warranted to better understand this 30 relationship

Falls increase the risk for incident anxiety and depressive symptoms among adults aged ≥50 years: an analysis of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing

Background: Little is known about the potential impact of falls on the onset of common mental disorders in older adults. Thus, we aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between falls and incident anxiety and depressive symptoms in adults aged ≥50 years living in Ireland. Methods: Data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing were analyzed (Wave 1: 2009–2011; and Wave 2: 2012–2013). The presence of falls and injurious falls in the past 12 months was assessed at Wave 1. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed at Wave 1 and Wave 2 using the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A) and the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D), respectively. Covariates included sex, age, education, marital status, disability, and the number of chronic physical conditions. The association of falls at baseline with incident anxiety and depressive symptoms at follow-up was estimated by multivariable logistic regression. Results: This study included 6,862 individuals (51.5% women; mean [SD] age 63.1 [8.9] years). After adjusting for covariates, falls were significantly associated with anxiety (OR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.06–2.35) and depressive symptoms (OR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.06–1.92). These associations were no longer significant after including fear of falling in the models. Similar findings were obtained for injurious falls, although the relationship with anxiety symptoms was not statistically significant. Conclusions: This prospective study of older adults from Ireland found significant associations between falls and incident anxiety and depressive symptoms. Future research may focus on whether interventions to reduce fear of falling could also alleviate anxiety and depressive symptoms

Association between carpal tunnel syndrome and the five-year incidence of anxiety disorder and depression in adults followed in general practices in Germany

ObjectiveLittle is known about the longitudinal relationship between carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and mental health. Therefore, this retrospective cohort study investigated the association between CTS and the five-year incidence of anxiety disorder and depression in adults from Germany.MethodsData from the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA) were used for the present study. Patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed for the first time with CTS in one of 1284 general practices in Germany in 2005–2020 were included (index date). Individuals without CTS were matched to those with CTS using a propensity score based on age, sex, the mean number of consultations per year during the follow-up, and the index year. In people without CTS, the index date was a randomly selected consultation in 2005–2020.ResultsThere were 75,135 patients with and 75,135 patients without CTS included in the study (mean [SD] age 57.2 [16.5] years; 59.7% women). Within five years of the index date, the incidence of anxiety disorder was 3.9% and 3.6% in the group with and the group without CTS, respectively (log-rank p-valueConclusionCTS was associated with an increased incidence of anxiety disorder and depression in Germany. Further research should identify the mediators involved in these relationships.</p

Is there an association between breast cancer and incident adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder? A retrospective cohort study from Germany

Purpose Preliminary data suggest that women with breast cancer are at particularly high risk of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential association between breast cancer and adhesive capsulitis in adults from Germany. Methods This retrospective cohort study included all women aged ≥ 18 years who were diagnosed for the first time with breast cancer in one of 1,274 general practices in Germany between January 2000 and December 2018 (index date). Women without breast cancer were matched (1:1) to those with breast cancer using a propensity score based on age at the index date, index year, and the average number of medical consultations per year during the follow-up. In women without breast cancer, the index date was a randomly selected visit date between 2000 and 2018. The association between breast cancer and the 10-year incidence of adhesive capsulitis was studied using Kaplan–Meier curves and a Cox regression model adjusted for age and several comorbidities. Results There were 52,524 women included in this study (mean [SD] age 64.2 [12.9] years). The 10-year incidence of adhesive capsulitis was 3.6% in both the group with and the group without breast cancer (log-rank p-value = 0.317). The Cox regression analysis further showed no significant association between breast cancer and adhesive capsulitis (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.86–1.08). Conclusion In this sample of women from Germany, breast cancer was not significantly associated with adhesive capsulitis. Although the present preliminary findings are reassuring, general practitioners should regularly assess shoulder function in breast cancer survivors

Association between adhesive capsulitis and depression: a five-year retrospective cohort study including 58,516 adults from Germany

Background Little is known on the longitudinal relationship between adhesive capsulitis and depression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between adhesive capsulitis and the five-year cumulative incidence of depression in adults from Germany. Methods The present retrospective cohort study included all adults aged ≥18 years with a first diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis in one of 1198 general practices in Germany between January 2010 and December 2018 (index date). Patients with adhesive capsulitis were matched to those without adhesive capsulitis using a propensity score based on age, sex, index year, average number of visits per year, and diagnoses documented prior to or at the index date (i.e., thyroid gland disorders, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, and Parkinson's disease and secondary parkinsonism). In individuals without adhesive capsulitis, the index date was a randomly selected visit date. Results This study included 29,258 patients with and 29,258 patients without adhesive capsulitis (mean [SD] age 55.9 [15.6] years; 53.2% men). Within five years of the index date, there were 17.5% of patients with adhesive capsulitis and 8.7% of those without adhesive capsulitis diagnosed with incident depression (log-rank p-value<0.001). This result was corroborated in the Cox regression analysis, as there was a positive and significant association between adhesive capsulitis and the cumulative incidence of depression (HR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.78–1.95). Conclusion In this study, adhesive capsulitis was associated with an increased cumulative incidence of depression. Further research is warranted to better understand the mediating factors involved in this relationship