Weiterbildung im Wandel: Anbieterforschung im Längsschnitt am Beispiel Bremen

This article presents the findings of a research project on structure and change in continuing education in Bremen, set out as a longitudinal analysis of selected years between 1979 and 2006. At the level of the continuing education system as a whole, the author identifies a certain structural stability evident from the fact that despite a growth in the number of market-oriented providers from 1996 to 2006, their competition -providers under public law- retained its structural influence on the market as a whole. At the level of individual organisations, one observation in Bremen is that (though the figures are not statistically significant) marketoriented providers have tended to drop in number, more so than those under public law. At the level of specific interactions between teachers and learners, the authors focus on changes in general and political education courses on offer (drop in foreign languages, more cultural education, etc.).Mit der "empirischen Wende" der Bildungspolitik wird von der Bildungsberichterstattung erwartet, Angebot, Nutzung und Wirkung insbesondere organisierter Lernprozesse so zu dokumentieren, dass steuerungsrelevantes Wissen zur Verfügung steht. Gemessen an diesen Erwartungen ist die Datenlage zur Weiterbildung defizitär. Daher ist die Weiterbildungsforschung gefordert, zumindest an ausgewählten Fallbeispielen Strukturen und Veränderungen im Weiterbildungssystem zu untersuchen sowie den Zusammenhang mit sozialem Wandel und politischen Interventionen zu analysieren. Vor diesem Hintergrund präsentieren der Autor und die Autorin Ergebnisse aus einem Forschungsprojekt zu Struktur und Wandel der Weiterbildung, das als Längsschnitt ausgewählter Jahre zwischen 1979 und 2006 angelegt ist. Für die letzten zehn Jahre liefert der Beitrag u.a. Belege für eine zunehmende Marktorientierung bei Anbietern und Angeboten bei nach wie vor strukturbildender Kraft des Weiterbildungsgesetzes

Изменение характеристик потока в мультициклоне при различной установке циклонных элементов

В работе представлены результаты численного моделирования потоков в корпусемультициклона, в двух моделях расположения циклонных элементов. Целью работы является возможность оптимизации расположения входов полуулиточных патрубков циклонных элементов в батарейном циклоне по первой и второй моделям. Они позволяют также более точно учесть гидравлическое сопротивление аппарата при определении наиболее эффективного расположения циклонных элементов.The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of flows in the case of multicyclone, in two models of the location of the cyclone elements. The aim of this work is the possibility of optimizing the location of entrances palowitch nozzles cyclone elements in the battery cyclone the first and second models. They also allow for a more accurate account of the hydraulic resistance of the device when determining the most effective location of cyclonic elements

Not surgical technique, but etiology, contralateral MRI, prior surgery, and side of surgery determine seizure outcome after pediatric hemispherotomy

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess determinants of seizure outcome following pediatric hemispherotomy in a contemporary cohort. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the seizure outcomes of 457 children who underwent hemispheric surgery in five European epilepsy centers between 2000 and 2016. We identified variables related to seizure outcome through multivariable regression modeling with missing data imputation and optimal group matching, and we further investigated the role of surgical technique by Bayes factor (BF) analysis. RESULTS: One hundred seventy seven children (39%) underwent vertical and 280 children (61%) underwent lateral hemispherotomy. Three hundred forty-four children (75%) achieved seizure freedom at a mean follow-up of 5.1 years (range 1 to 17.1). We identified acquired etiology other than stroke (odds ratio [OR] 4.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-18.0), hemimegalencephaly (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1-7.3), contralateral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings (OR 5.5, 95% CI 2.7-11.1), prior resective surgery (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.8-14.0), and left hemispherotomy (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3-3.9) as significant determinants of seizure recurrence. We found no evidence of an impact of the hemispherotomy technique on seizure outcome (the BF for a model including the hemispherotomy technique over the null model was 1.1), with comparable overall major complication rates for different approaches. SIGNIFICANCE: Knowledge about the independent determinants of seizure outcome following pediatric hemispherotomy will improve the counseling of patients and families. In contrast to previous reports, we found no statistically relevant difference in seizure-freedom rates between the vertical and horizontal hemispherotomy techniques when accounting for different clinical features between groups

LSST Science Book, Version 2.0

A survey that can cover the sky in optical bands over wide fields to faint magnitudes with a fast cadence will enable many of the exciting science opportunities of the next decade. The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will have an effective aperture of 6.7 meters and an imaging camera with field of view of 9.6 deg^2, and will be devoted to a ten-year imaging survey over 20,000 deg^2 south of +15 deg. Each pointing will be imaged 2000 times with fifteen second exposures in six broad bands from 0.35 to 1.1 microns, to a total point-source depth of r~27.5. The LSST Science Book describes the basic parameters of the LSST hardware, software, and observing plans. The book discusses educational and outreach opportunities, then goes on to describe a broad range of science that LSST will revolutionize: mapping the inner and outer Solar System, stellar populations in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, the structure of the Milky Way disk and halo and other objects in the Local Volume, transient and variable objects both at low and high redshift, and the properties of normal and active galaxies at low and high redshift. It then turns to far-field cosmological topics, exploring properties of supernovae to z~1, strong and weak lensing, the large-scale distribution of galaxies and baryon oscillations, and how these different probes may be combined to constrain cosmological models and the physics of dark energy.Comment: 596 pages. Also available at full resolution at http://www.lsst.org/lsst/sciboo

A new clinico-pathological classification system for mesial temporal sclerosis

We propose a histopathological classification system for hippocampal cell loss in patients suffering from mesial temporal lobe epilepsies (MTLE). One hundred and seventy-eight surgically resected specimens were microscopically examined with respect to neuronal cell loss in hippocampal subfields CA1–CA4 and dentate gyrus. Five distinct patterns were recognized within a consecutive cohort of anatomically well-preserved surgical specimens. The first group comprised hippocampi with neuronal cell densities not significantly different from age matched autopsy controls [no mesial temporal sclerosis (no MTS); n = 34, 19%]. A classical pattern with severe cell loss in CA1 and moderate neuronal loss in all other subfields excluding CA2 was observed in 33 cases (19%), whereas the vast majority of cases showed extensive neuronal cell loss in all hippocampal subfields (n = 94, 53%). Due to considerable similarities of neuronal cell loss patterns and clinical histories, we designated these two groups as MTS type 1a and 1b, respectively. We further distinguished two atypical variants characterized either by severe neuronal loss restricted to sector CA1 (MTS type 2; n = 10, 6%) or to the hilar region (MTS type 3, n = 7, 4%). Correlation with clinical data pointed to an early age of initial precipitating injury (IPI < 3 years) as important predictor of hippocampal pathology, i.e. MTS type 1a and 1b. In MTS type 2, IPIs were documented at a later age (mean 6 years), whereas in MTS type 3 and normal appearing hippocampus (no MTS) the first event appeared beyond the age of 13 and 16 years, respectively. In addition, postsurgical outcome was significantly worse in atypical MTS, especially MTS type 3 with only 28% of patients having seizure relief after 1-year follow-up period, compared to successful seizure control in MTS types 1a and 1b (72 and 73%). Our classification system appears suitable for stratifying the clinically heterogeneous group of MTLE patients also with respect to postsurgical outcome studies

Minimally invasive stereotactically-guided extirpation of brain stern cavernoma with the aid of electrophysiological methods

The surgical extirpation of brain stem cavernomas always includes a risk of neurological deficits. To minimize the risk of deficits and control the motor and sensory function intraoperative monitoring of SEP and MEP seems to be helpful. The high density of motor and sensory fibers within the brain stem makes bilateral intraoperative monitoring necessary. The following case demonstrates a stereotactically-guided supratentorial, transventricular approach for extirpation of a brain stem cavernoma. Sensory and motoric functions were observed by transcranial recording of SEP's and by transcranial stimulation of motor cortex

Surgical management of brain-stem cavernomas

We present a series of seven patients who were operated on for symptomatic brain-stem cavernomas. The following approaches were used: medial suboccipital (N = 4), lateral suboccipital (N = 1), subtemporal-transtentorial (N = 1), and frontal transcortical-transventricular-subchorioidal-trans velum interpositum (N = 1). Intraoperative motor (N = 4) and somatosensory (N = 1) evoked potential monitoring revealed temporary changes in 3 patients. Immediately postoperatively, the following additional deficits were observed in 6 patients: oculomotor nerve paresis (N = 2), abducens nerve paresis (N = 3), facial nerve paresis (N = 2), deafness (N = 1), and increased ataxia (N = 3). One patient died due to septic complications not related to surgery. After a mean observation time of 2 years, 2 patients had improved, 3 were unchanged, and 1 patient deteriorated as compared to his preoperative status. In conclusion, surgical treatment of brain-stem cavernomas, although carrying a significant risk of temporary neurological deterioration is recommended in symptomatic patients in whom the cavernoma seems to reach the surface of the brain-stem. Intra-operative functional topographic mapping and monitoring have proven useful tools lowering the surgical risks in these patients