Association of aster yellows subgroup 16SrI-C phytoplasmas with a disease of Ribes rubrum

Abstract A Ribes rubrum plant showing malformation and twisting of branches was found in a private garden in South Bohemia. Observation of ultrathin sections of tissues from symptomatic shoots revealed the presence of phytoplasma-like bodies. Different primer sets were used for amplification of the 16S-23S ribosomal gene segment. RFLP analysis and sequencing for phytoplasma identification classified the detected phytoplasma in the aster yellows group, subgroup 16SrI-C. Successful transmission of detected phytoplasma by dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yuncker) to periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus L.) was confirmed by detection of numerous phytoplasma bodies in ultrathin sections of C. roseus and by PCR from dodder and periwinkle. RFLP analyses of PCR products as well as nucleotide sequences of the currant plant and symptomatic periwinkles were identical. Sequenced data obtained from both currant and indicator plant, were aligned and sequences of 1,613 bp were found to be identical. Transmissions of phytoplasma by grafting to healthy currant rootstocks were unsuccessful

Use of RFID technology in the logistics chain of the hotel operation

Diplomová práce se zabývá využitím RFID technologií v logistickém řetězci hotelového provozu. Daná problematika je zaměřena na ocenění nákladů některých provozních středisek a možnost jejich optimalizace při vhodném využití RFID technologií. Práce se zabývá náklady na vlastní logistické procesy a procesy externích dodavatelů ovlivňující celkové provozní náklady. Podrobněji je tato problematika analyzována v oblasti manipulace s hotelovým prádlem na úseku "housekeepingu".The diploma thesis deals with the use of RFID technology in the logistics chain of the hotel operation. This issue focuses on the costing of some operating centers and the possibility of optimizing them with appropriate use of RFID technologies. The work deals with the costs of own logistics processes and processes of external suppliers affecting the total operating costs. In more detail, this issue is analyzed in the housekeeping area focused on hotel linen handling.Dopravní fakulta Jana PerneraProblematiku řešenou ve své diplomové práci dokázal diplomant odpovídajícím způsobem obhájit. Prokázal schopnost samostatné práce. Reakce na poznámky, resp. připomínky oponenta měl velmi dobře připraveny. Na doplňkové otázky reagoval pohotově, se znalostí věci a bez závažných nepřesností je zodpověděl

Elimination of Solanum nigrum ilarvirus 1 and Apple Hammerhead Viroid from Apple Cultivars Using Antivirals Ribavirin, Rimantadine, and Zidovudine

Apple hammerhead viroid (AHVd) was detected in the apple cultivar ‘Šampion’ and in mixed infection with Solanum nigrum ilarvirus 1 (SnIV-1) in the cultivars ‘Selena’ and ‘Jonagored Supra’, using a high-throughput sequencing method. Experiments were conducted to eliminate both pathogens in apples using meristem tip cultures in combination with the antivirotics ribavirin, rimantadine, and zidovudine. Elimination of both pathogens was verified by repeated RT-PCR and qRT-PCR assays after 7–11 months. Elimination of SnIV-1 from all cultivars was successful with each of the three antivirotics at concentrations of 20, 40, and 80 mg L−1. Elimination of AHVd was also achieved, although less effectively and only with ribavirin in the concentration range of 20–160 mg L−1

Interaction Between Zn Deficiency, Toxicity and Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus Infection in Noccaea ochroleucum

Zinc is essential for the functioning of numerous proteins in plants. To investigate howZn homeostasis interacts with virus infection, Zn-tolerant Noccaea ochroleucum plantsexposed to deficient (Zn’0’), optimal (Zn10), and excess Zn (Zn100) concentrations, aswell as Cd amendment, were infected with Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV). Imaginganalysis of fluorescence kinetics from the ms (OJIP) to the minutes (Kautsky effect,quenching analysis) time domain revealed strong patchiness of systemic virus-inducedphotosystem II (PSII) inhibition. That was more pronounced in Zn-deficient plants, whileZn excess acted synergistically with TYMV, in both cases resulting in reduced PSIIreaction centers. Infected Cd-treated plants, already severely stressed, showed inhibitednon-photochemical quenching and PSII activity. Quantitative in situ hybridization atthe cellular level showed increased gene expression of ZNT5 and downregulation ofHMA4 in infected Zn-deficient leaves. In Zn10 and Zn100 infected leaves, vacuolarsequestration of Zn increased by activation of HMA3 (mesophyll) and MTP1 (epidermis).This correlated with Zn accumulation in the mesophyll and formation of biomineralizationdots in the cell wall (Zn100) visible by micro X-ray fluorescence tomography. The studyreveals the importance of adequate Zn supply and distribution in the maintenance ofphotosynthesis under TYMV infection, achieved by tissue-targeted activation of metaltransporter gene expression

Mixed Infection of Blackcurrant with a Novel Cytorhabdovirus and Black Currant-Associated Nucleorhabdovirus

A virome screen was performed on a new breeding line, KB1, of blackcurrant. Rhabdovirus-like particles were observed by electron microscopy in ultrathin sections of flower stalks, and the complete genome sequence of a novel virus, provisionally named blackcurrant rhabdovirus 2 (BCRV2), was determined and verified using high-throughput sequencing. The genomic organization of BCRV2 was characteristic of cytorhabdoviruses (family Rhabdoviridae) and included seven genes: 3′-N-P′-P-P3-M-G-L-5′. BLASTP analysis revealed that the putative L protein had the highest amino acid sequence identity (75%) with strawberry virus 2. BCRV2 was detected in Cryptomyzus galeopsidis, but efficient transmission by this aphid was not confirmed. Of note, we observed coinfection of the KB1 line with blackcurrant-associated rhabdovirus (BCaRV) by RT-PCR. This is likely the first evidence of the presence of a cyto- and a nucleorhabdovirus in a single host

Detection of Apple Hammerhead Viroid, Apple Luteovirus 1 and Citrus Concave Gum-Associated Virus in Apple Propagation Materials and Orchards in the Czech Republic and Hungary

Grafting cultivars onto rootstocks is a widely used practice by the apple industry predominantly aimed at faster fruit bearing. Using high-throughput sequencing, we revealed the presence of recently described viral agents, namely apple hammerhead viroid (AHVd), apple luteovirus 1 (ALV-1), and citrus concave gum-associated virus (CCGaV), in germplasm collections and production orchards in the Czech Republic and Hungary. The HTS results were validated with RT-(q)PCR, and Northern blotting techniques. To obtain further insight about the presence of these agents, RT-PCR based surveys were carried out and showed their widespread presence alone or in mixed infections. The pathogens were present both in production areas and in feral samples. In addition, rootstock-to-scion transmission of ALV-1 and CCGaV was confirmed using commercial rootstock materials. Phylogenetic relationships based on partial sequences of distinct variants were also investigated. Furthermore, the rosy apple aphid was found to be ALV-1-positive, suggesting that it might be a potential vector of the virus