Behavior of NDVI obtained from an active optical sensor in cereals

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, com um sensor ótico ativo, o comportamento do índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI – “normalized difference vegetation index”), nas culturas detrigo, triticale, cevada e milho. Cinco experimentos foram conduzidos no Paraná e São Paulo, com variação de classes de solo, doses e fontes de N, e variedades de trigo. As seguintes variáveis foram avaliadas: NDVI, teor de N foliar, matéria seca e produtividade das culturas. Análises de regressões foram realizadas entre as doses de N aplicadas e NDVI, teor de N foliar, matéria seca e produtividade. Análises de correlação entre as variáveis foram realizadas. O trigo, triticale e cevada apresentaram resposta às aplicações de doses crescentes de N, pelo aumento nas leituras do NDVI, no teor de N foliar e na produtividade. Medido pelo sensor ótico ativo utilizado, o NDVI apresenta alto potencial para manejo do N nas culturas do trigo, triticale e cevada, e baixo potencialpara a cultura do milho. Há interferência das variedades de trigo nas leituras do sensor ótico ativo.The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), with an active optical sensor, in wheat, triticale, barley and corn crops. Experiments were conducted in Paraná and São Paulo, comparing different soil classes, N rates and sources, and wheat varieties. The following variables were determined: NDVI, N foliar content, dry mass and crop yield. Regression analyses were performed between NDVI and applied N rates, N foliar content, dry mass and yield. Correlation analyses among the variableswere performed. Wheat, triticale and barley crops showed response to increasing N rates by the increase in the NDVI readings, to N foliar content and to yield. Measured by the used active optical sensor the NDVI shows high potential for N management wheat, triticale and barley crops, and low potential for corn crops. There is interference of wheat varieties in the active optical sensor’s readings

Base cutting quality of sugar cane harvesters

Na colheita mecanizada de cana-de-açúcar, existem algumas peculiaridades relacionadas às interações solo-máquina-planta, que tem causado preocupações, devido às perdas de matériaprima deixada no campo e à redução da longevidade do canavial, ocasionados pela deficiência do controle de altura de corte. A melhoria da qualidade do corte e da matéria-prima é proposta na bibliografia por meio de intervenções na colheita e em outras práticas culturais existentes, e de mudanças nos projetos das colhedoras. Os fabricantes desses equipamentos têm desenvolvido dispositivos para auxiliar o operador no controle da altura de corte. Tendo em vista a importância do corte de base na qualidade e perda de matéria-prima e na longevidade da soqueira, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência de um dispositivo semi-automático de controle de altura do corte de base, DAC, na qualidade do corte de base e seu desempenho ao longo de uma jornada de trabalho. Para tanto, os ensaios foram realizados em duas usinas de açúcar e álcool, com colhedoras equipadas com o DAC. Para a avaliação da qualidade do corte de base, foram utilizadas duas metodologias distintas, denominadas de etapa 1 e etapa 2. A primeira procurou identificar a influência da utilização do DAC na qualidade operacional. A segunda foi voltada para a avaliação da qualidade operacional com o uso DAC em situação normal de trabalho. Nas duas etapas, utilizaram-se técnicas do controle estatístico do processo. Os resultados mostraram que, em termos gerais e nas condições do trabalho, os parâmetros qualitativos analisados do corte de base realizado por colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar não atendem aos padrões especificados pelas usinas, independente do uso do DAC.In sugar cane mechanized harvesting, there are some peculiarities related to soil-machineplant interaction which has been causing some concern due to raw material left on the field losses and the reduction in sugar cane crop longevity caused by deficiency in cut height control. Improvement in cut quality and raw material are proposed in bibliography by means of intervention at harvest and other crop practices available and changes in harvester design. Harvester producers have developed devices to aid the operator in controlling cut height. Whit the importance of base cutting in raw material quality and losses and crop longevity in mind, this study aimed at evaluating the influence of a semi-automatic base cutting control device, DAC, on base cutting quality and its performance on a normal working day. Thus, the trials were carried out in two sugar and alcohol mills with harvesters equipped with DAC. Two different methodologies, denominated stage one and stage two, were used in order to evaluate base cutting quality. The first one tried to identify the influence of DAC utilization on operational quality. The second one evaluated the operational quality with DAC use on a normal working condition. On both stages, techniques of statistical process control were used. The results showed that, in general and under the harvester operation conditions, the analyzed qualitative parameters of base cutting done sugar cane harvesters do not meet the standard specified by sugar mills regardless the DAC use

TEMPORAL BEHAVIOR OF NDVI MEASURED WITH AN ACTIVE OPTICAL SENSOR FOR DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF SUGARCANE / COMPORTAMENTO TEMPORAL DO NDVI MENSURADO COM SENSOR ÓPTICO ATIVO PARA DIFERENTES VARIEDADES DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR

Sensores óticos ativos são uma nova opção para o manejo da aplicação localizada de nitrogênio em tempo real e têm sido empregados com sucesso em culturas de grãos. Este trabalho consistiu em avaliar o comportamento do NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) obtido com um sensor ótico ativo comercial, em 28 variedades de cana-de-açúcar, assim como analisar o comportamento temporal deste índice para as diferentes variedades ao longo dos primeiros 150 dias de seu ciclo. Os dados do NDVI foram coletados longo dos primeiros 150 dias de seu ciclo. Os dados do NDVI foram coletados aos 90, 120 e 150 dias após o plantio (DAP). Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva dos dados e teste de Tukey para contrastar as médias do NDVI. Os resultados indicaram que as variedades interferem nas leituras do NDVI, assim como, de forma geral, as leituras aos 90 DAP foram diferentes das realizadas aos 120 e 150 DAP, tendendo a se estabilizar ao longo do tempo para cada variedade.</p

Comportamento do NDVI obtido por sensor ótico ativo em cereais Behavior of NDVI obtained from an active optical sensor in cereals

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, com um sensor ótico ativo, o comportamento do índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI - "normalized difference vegetation index"), nas culturas de trigo, triticale, cevada e milho. Cinco experimentos foram conduzidos no Paraná e São Paulo, com variação de classes de solo, doses e fontes de N, e variedades de trigo. As seguintes variáveis foram avaliadas: NDVI, teor de N foliar, matéria seca e produtividade das culturas. Análises de regressões foram realizadas entre as doses de N aplicadas e NDVI, teor de N foliar, matéria seca e produtividade. Análises de correlação entre as variáveis foram realizadas. O trigo, triticale e cevada apresentaram resposta às aplicações de doses crescentes de N, pelo aumento nas leituras do NDVI, no teor de N foliar e na produtividade. Medido pelo sensor ótico ativo utilizado, o NDVI apresenta alto potencial para manejo do N nas culturas do trigo, triticale e cevada, e baixo potencial para a cultura do milho. Há interferência das variedades de trigo nas leituras do sensor ótico ativo.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), with an active optical sensor, in wheat, triticale, barley and corn crops. Experiments were conducted in Paraná and São Paulo, comparing different soil classes, N rates and sources, and wheat varieties. The following variables were determined: NDVI, N foliar content, dry mass and crop yield. Regression analyses were performed between NDVI and applied N rates, N foliar content, dry mass and yield. Correlation analyses among the variables were performed. Wheat, triticale and barley crops showed response to increasing N rates by the increase in the NDVI readings, to N foliar content and to yield. Measured by the used active optical sensor the NDVI shows high potential for N management wheat, triticale and barley crops, and low potential for corn crops. There is interference of wheat varieties in the active optical sensor's readings

Measurement of the double-differential inclusive jet cross section in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 5.02 TeV

International audienceThe inclusive jet cross section is measured as a function of jet transverse momentum $p_\mathrm{T}$ and rapidity $y$. The measurement is performed using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb$^{-1}$. The jets are reconstructed with the anti-$k_\mathrm{T}$ algorithm using a distance parameter of $R$ = 0.4, within the rapidity interval $\lvert y\rvert$$\lt$ 2, and across the kinematic range 0.06 $\lt$$p_\mathrm{T}$$\lt$ 1 TeV. The jet cross section is unfolded from detector to particle level using the determined jet response and resolution. The results are compared to predictions of perturbative quantum chromodynamics, calculated at both next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading order. The predictions are corrected for nonperturbative effects, and presented for a variety of parton distribution functions and choices of the renormalization/factorization scales and the strong coupling $\alpha_\mathrm{S}$

Measurement of the double-differential inclusive jet cross section in proton-proton collisions at s= \sqrt{s} = 5.02 TeV

The inclusive jet cross section is measured as a function of jet transverse momentum $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ and rapidity $y$. The measurement is performed using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s} =$ 5.02 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 27.4$\,\text{pb}^{-1}$. The jets are reconstructed with the anti-$k_{\mathrm{T}}$ algorithm using a distance parameter of $R=$ 0.4, within the rapidity interval $|y| <$ 2, and across the kinematic range 0.06 $< p_{\mathrm{T}} <$ 1 TeV. The jet cross section is unfolded from detector to particle level using the determined jet response and resolution. The results are compared to predictions of perturbative quantum chromodynamics, calculated at both next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading order. The predictions are corrected for nonperturbative effects, and presented for a variety of parton distribution functions and choices of the renormalization/factorization scales and the strong coupling $\alpha_\mathrm{S}$.The inclusive jet cross section is measured as a function of jet transverse momentum $p_\mathrm{T}$ and rapidity $y$. The measurement is performed using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb$^{-1}$. The jets are reconstructed with the anti-$k_\mathrm{T}$ algorithm using a distance parameter of $R$ = 0.4, within the rapidity interval $\lvert y\rvert$$\lt$ 2, and across the kinematic range 0.06 $\lt$$p_\mathrm{T}$$\lt$ 1 TeV. The jet cross section is unfolded from detector to particle level using the determined jet response and resolution. The results are compared to predictions of perturbative quantum chromodynamics, calculated at both next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading order. The predictions are corrected for nonperturbative effects, and presented for a variety of parton distribution functions and choices of the renormalization/factorization scales and the strong coupling $\alpha_\mathrm{S}$

Measurement of the double-differential inclusive jet cross section in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 5.02 TeV

International audienceThe inclusive jet cross section is measured as a function of jet transverse momentum $p_\mathrm{T}$ and rapidity $y$. The measurement is performed using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb$^{-1}$. The jets are reconstructed with the anti-$k_\mathrm{T}$ algorithm using a distance parameter of $R$ = 0.4, within the rapidity interval $\lvert y\rvert$$\lt$ 2, and across the kinematic range 0.06 $\lt$$p_\mathrm{T}$$\lt$ 1 TeV. The jet cross section is unfolded from detector to particle level using the determined jet response and resolution. The results are compared to predictions of perturbative quantum chromodynamics, calculated at both next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading order. The predictions are corrected for nonperturbative effects, and presented for a variety of parton distribution functions and choices of the renormalization/factorization scales and the strong coupling $\alpha_\mathrm{S}$

Measurement of the double-differential inclusive jet cross section in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 5.02 TeV

International audienceThe inclusive jet cross section is measured as a function of jet transverse momentum $p_\mathrm{T}$ and rapidity $y$. The measurement is performed using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb$^{-1}$. The jets are reconstructed with the anti-$k_\mathrm{T}$ algorithm using a distance parameter of $R$ = 0.4, within the rapidity interval $\lvert y\rvert$$\lt$ 2, and across the kinematic range 0.06 $\lt$$p_\mathrm{T}$$\lt$ 1 TeV. The jet cross section is unfolded from detector to particle level using the determined jet response and resolution. The results are compared to predictions of perturbative quantum chromodynamics, calculated at both next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading order. The predictions are corrected for nonperturbative effects, and presented for a variety of parton distribution functions and choices of the renormalization/factorization scales and the strong coupling $\alpha_\mathrm{S}$

Measurement of the double-differential inclusive jet cross section in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 5.02 TeV

International audienceThe inclusive jet cross section is measured as a function of jet transverse momentum $p_\mathrm{T}$ and rapidity $y$. The measurement is performed using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb$^{-1}$. The jets are reconstructed with the anti-$k_\mathrm{T}$ algorithm using a distance parameter of $R$ = 0.4, within the rapidity interval $\lvert y\rvert$$\lt$ 2, and across the kinematic range 0.06 $\lt$$p_\mathrm{T}$$\lt$ 1 TeV. The jet cross section is unfolded from detector to particle level using the determined jet response and resolution. The results are compared to predictions of perturbative quantum chromodynamics, calculated at both next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading order. The predictions are corrected for nonperturbative effects, and presented for a variety of parton distribution functions and choices of the renormalization/factorization scales and the strong coupling $\alpha_\mathrm{S}$