24,068 research outputs found
The link between immigration and trade in developing countries
International trade can foster economic development. This paper examines the link between immigration from developing countries to OECD countries and their bilateral trade; it also explores some possible mechanism behind this link. It uses a gravity equation for trade augmented by an immigrant stock variable and a set of control variables. The immigrantsâ variable enters the estimated equation in different ways depending on immigrantsâ relevant characteristics both individual and non individual-specific. Results show that in developing countries there is a positive link between immigration and both exports and imports. We find evidence for the trade transaction cost channel but not for the preference one. We identify the social or ethnic network effect as the mechanism behind this link since immigrants related to business activities are the ones who have a positive effect on bilateral trade.International Trade, Migration, Economic Development.
EFFECTS OF TAX REFORMS IN A SHIRKING MODEL WITH UNION BARGAINING
In this paper we introduce a progressive income tax in the shirking model with union bargaining presented by in Altenburg and Straub (2002). Indeed, we differentiate taxation on employees and employers for the fiscal policy analysis. The main results show that it is possible, with a constant revenue reform, to enhance employment by shifting the tax imposition towards lower firm taxation. And, that it is crucial to consider a proportional or progressive taxation on labour income in order to be able to analyse the effect on unemployment for a constant replacement rate.Labour taxation, union bargaining, efficiency wages
Characteristics of immigrants and bilateral trade
This paper tests the impact of immigration on bilateral trade using Spanish data from 1995 to 2003. It also explores some possible mechanisms behind this link. It uses a gravity equation for trade augmented with an immigrantâs stock variable and a set of control variables. The immigrants variable enters the estimated equation in different ways depending on immigrant relevant characteristics both individual and non individualspecific. Results show that there is a positive link between immigration and both exports and imports. We find evidence for the trade transaction cost channel but not for the preference one. The mechanisms behind this link are the information effect âimmigrantâs additional information about products and about social and political institutionsâ and the social or ethnic network effect âimmigrants with a medium level of education and those related to business activities are the ones who have a positive effect on bilateral trade.International Trade, migration
Does Immigration Help to Explain Intra-Industry Trade? Evidence for Spain
This paper argues and provides evidence that the stock of immigrants in a country have a positive effect on the share of its bilateral intra-industry trade (IIT). The paper links the literatures about immigration and trade and about IIT determinants. The key is that immigration contributes to trade transaction costs reduction and this would benefit more intra than inter-industry trade. We test this hypothesis using Spanish data and departing from the models developed by Helpman (1987). Immigration helps more IIT in manufactures and IIT between Spain and less developed countries. Results are robust both to different estimation methods and specifications.Intra-industry trade, immigration.
Immigrantâs Characteristics and its different effects on bilateral trade
This paper tests for the impact of immigration on bilateral trade using Spanish data from 1995 to 2003. It also explores some possible mechanisms through which the stock of immigrants in a country can contribute to its trade. It uses a gravity equation for trade augmented with an immigrants stock variable and a set of control variables. The immigrants variable enters the estimated equation in different ways depending on immigrant relevant characteristics. Results show that there is a positive link between immigration and both exports and imports. We find evidence for the trade transaction cost channel but not for the preference one. We find evidence that support that the mechanisms behind this link are the information effect - additional information about product and about social and political institutions brought by immigrants - and the social o ethnic network effect - since immigrants with a medium level of education and those who are related to business activities are the one who have a positive effect on bilateral trade.International Trade, Migration
Rumo aos desafios da economia circular : ferramentas de apoio a uma nova estratégia na pråtica de design
ABSTRACT : The circular economy is a new strategic concept to meet
society's needs in a more efficient and sustainable manner based in
decoupling the economic growth and welfare from the increase in the
consumption of natural resources. It implies the transition from the
traditional linear model to a more innovative and circular approach in the
development of the economy by designing new products, new services,
and new systems, supported, in most cases, by the re-thinking and
creation of new business models.
Designers and product developers have an important and crucial role to
achieve a successful and wide implementation of the concept which has
to be accepted and applied in practice by businesses along the whole
value chain and meet the current and future needs of consumers and the
society.
Currently, several methods, principles, practices, tools, training initiatives,
and many resources are being developed globally as a result of the wide
exploitation of the concept, but there is still a large gap between what is
available to companies and designers, and what is applied in practice on
product and service development.
This paper reflects part of the PhD research project under development
by the authors which is based on the promotion of the design practice
within Circular Economy. It explores the results of the review of circularity
tools available that can be used by design professionals
to systematize and guide their development process. The analysis will
support the development of a toolkit and guidelines oriented for the
practical implementation of the circular economy in the development of
innovative and efficient products and services. (Camocho, Ferreira, &
Vicente, 2018).A economia circular é um novo conceito estratégico que visa
responder Ă s necessidades da sociedade de uma forma mais eficiente e
sustentåvel que se baseia na dissociação entre crescimento económico e
bem-estar do aumento do consumo de recursos naturais. Esta transição,
do modelo linear tradicional para uma abordagem mais inovadora e
circular no desenvolvimento da economia implica o desenvolvimento de
novos produtos, novos serviços e novos sistemas, apoiados, na maioria dos
casos, no repensar e na criação de novos modelos de negócio.
Os designers e os responsĂĄveis pelo desenvolvimento de produtos tĂȘm um
papel importante e crucial para alcançar uma implementação ampla e
bem-sucedida do conceito. Este deve ser aceite e aplicado na prĂĄtica
pelas empresas ao longo de toda a cadeia de valor atendendo Ă s
necessidades atuais e futuras dos consumidores e da sociedade.
Atualmente, vĂĄrios mĂ©todos, princĂpios, prĂĄticas, ferramentas, iniciativas
de formação e outros recursos tĂȘm sido desenvolvidos globalmente como
resultado da ampla exploração do conceito, no entanto, ainda existe uma
grande lacuna entre o que estĂĄ disponĂvel para empresas e designers e o
que é aplicado na pråtica no desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços.
Este artigo reflete parte do projeto de investigação de doutoramento em
desenvolvimento pelos autores, o qual se baseia na promoção da pråtica
de design no Ăąmbito da Economia Circular. Explora os resultados da
revisĂŁo de ferramentas de circularidade disponĂveis que podem ser
aplicadas pelos profissionais de design na sistematização e orientação do
processo de desenvolvimento. Esta anĂĄlise irĂĄ apoiar o desenvolvimento
de um conjunto de ferramentas e orientaçÔes para a implementação
pråtica da economia circular no desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços
mais inovadores e mais eficientes. (Camocho, Ferreira & Vicente, 2018).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Soil carbon sequestration rates under Mediterranean woody crops using recommended management practices : A meta-analysis
This work was supported by the projects: CARBOLIVAR (P11-RNM-7186) funded by ConsejerĂa de InnovaciĂłn, Ciencia y Empresa of Junta de AndalucĂa and GEISpain project (CGL2014â52838âC2â1âR) funded by Ministerio de EconomĂa y Competitividad, both including European Union ERDF funds. This work was also supported by the FPU 2012 grant program of the Ministerio de EducaciĂłn, Cultura y Deporte of Spain. Dr. Roberto Garcia-Ruiz and Eduardo Aguilera gratefully acknowledge support by the Sustainable Farm Systems project (SSHRC 895-2011-1020) funded by the Canadian Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council.Peer reviewedPostprin
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