Clinical and manometric postoperative evaluation of posterior sagital anorectoplasty (PSARP) in patients with upper and intermediate anorectal malformations

PSARP is currently the most widely-used surgical technique for surgical correction of high and intermediary anorectal malformations, but there is much controversy in the literature about the postoperative evaluation of these cases. We studied 27 cases of anorectal malformations operated with PSARP from clinical and manometric aspects in order to analyze: 1) fecal continence; 2) the relationship between fecal continence and the associated sacral anomalies and; 3) the relationship between the postoperative manometric evaluation and fecal continence. From the analysis of 27 cases of high and intermediary anorectal malformations, we concluded that: 1) fecal continence was achieved in 48.14 percent of the cases; partial fecal continence in 25.92 percent; and fecal incontinence in 25.92 percent of the cases; 2) the presence of fecal incontinence was directly related to the association of sacral anomalies and; 3) anorectal manometry is a useful test to evaluate the patients operated by PSARP, due to the existence of a relationship between the manometric results and the degree of fecal continence.A anorretoplastia sagital posterior (ARPSP) é o procedimento cirúrgico mais utilizado atualmente para a correção das anomalias anorretais altas e intermediárias. Existe muita controvérsia na literatura a respeito da avaliação pós-operatória desses pacientes. Baseado nesse fato, estudamos 27 casos de anomalias anorretais operados com a ARPSP do ponto de vista clínico e manométrico, com a finalidade de avaliar: 1. Continência fecal; 2. Relação entre a continência fecal e anomalias sacrais associadas; 3. Relação entre a avaliação manométrica pós-operatória e a continência fecal. Da análise dos 27 casos de anomalias anorretais altas e intermediárias, concluímos que: 1. A continência fecal foi conseguida plenamente em 48,14% dos casos, parcialmente em 25,92% dos casos, e a incontinência fecal foi observada em 25,92%; 2. A presença de incontinência fecal foi diretamente relacionada com a associação de anomalias sacrais; 3. A manometria anorretal foi extremamente útil para avaliar os pacientes operados por anomalias anorretais devido à existência de uma relação entre os resultados manométricos e o grau de continência fecal.Federal University of São Paulo PSMUNIFESP, PSMSciEL

Use of biofeedback (BFB) in the treatment of fecal incontinence after surgical correction of anorectal malformations by posterior sagital anorectoplasty (PSARP)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate biofeedback(BFB)responses to rehabilitation techniques and physical exercises in incontinent or partially continent anorectal malformations patients after posterior sagital anorectoplasty (PSARP). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Pediatric Surgery - Department of Surgery - UNIFESP-EPM. PATIENTS:The authors report on 14 patients with anorectal malformations (4 with partial fecal incontinence after primary PSARP; 6 with fecal incontinence after primary PSARP; 3 with partial fecal incontinence after secondary PSARP; and 1 with fecal incontinence after secondary PSARP). All patients were rehabilitated via a BFB program of exercises in order to improve the function of the anal sphincteric muscular complex for a period of 1 -3 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Clinical and manometric control. RESULTS: After BFB, of 4 partially continent patients after primary PSARP, 3 became continent; of 6 incontinent patients after primary PSARP, 4 became continent; of 3 partially continent patients after secondary PSARP, 1 became continent,1 showed no improvement and 1 became incontinent (infection + abscess + fibrosis + important anorectal stenosis). The incontinent patient after secondary PSARP showed no improvement. CONCLUSION: The authors concluded that BFB, used at the appropriate time with patient collaboration, is an important complement to the anatomical reconstruction of anorectal malformations in order to achieve good development and contractile functioning of the sphincteric muscular complex.A anorretoplastia sagital posterior (ARPSP) representa hoje, a técnica mais usada para tratamento das anomalias anorretais em todo o mundo. Entretanto, alguns casos associados com anomalias sacrais, evoluem com continência fecal parcial ou com incontinência fecal. Podemos tratar esses casos com nova cirurgia ou com técnicas de rehabilitação tipo biofeedback, por meio de exercícios físicos, com a finalidade de melhorar a função do complexo muscular esfincteriano. São relatados 14 casos de pacientes portadores de anomalias anorretais (4 com continência fecal parcial após ARPSP primária; 6 com incontinência fecal pós ARPSP primária; 3 com continência fecal parcial após ARPSP secundária; e, 1 com incontinência fecal pós ARPSP secundária). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exercícios de rehabilitação com a finalidade de melhorar a função do complexo muscular esfincteriano tipo BFB, durante um período de tempo que variou de 1 a 3 anos, com acompanhamento clínico e manométrico. Após o BFB, dos 4 pacientes com continência fecal parcial após ARPSP primária, 3 ficaram continentes; dos 6 incontinentes após ARPSP primária, 4 ficaram continentes; dos 3 pacientes com continência parcial após ARPSP secundária, 1 tornou-se continente e 1 incontinente, piorando seu resultado por infecção, abscesso, fibrose e importante estenose anal. Os autores referem que o BFB usado no momento adequado, com a colaboração do paciente, é um importante complemento para a reconstrução anatômica das anomalias anorretais, para conseguir um bom desenvolvimento e uma boa função contráctil do complexo muscular esfincteriano.Federal University of São Paulo EPM Department of SurgeryUNIFESP, EPM, Department of SurgerySciEL

Crossed testicular ectopia

Crossed testicular ectopia (CTE) is a rare anomaly, characterized by migration of one testis towards the opposite inguinal canal. Presented here is a case of crossed ectopia of the right testis, treated by extraperitoneal transposition of the gonad and right orchiopexy. Embriology and surgical findings suggest that CTE is a common consequence of many unclear ethiologic factors, specially mechanical ones, and can be associated with Muller duct persistence. Review of literature suggests a classification of CTE into 3 types: I - associated with inguinal hernia alone; II - associated with persistent mullerian remnants; III - associated with other anomalies without mullerian remnants. Treatment includes transeptal orchiopexy or extraperitoneal transposition of the testis, research for mullerian remnants and other anomalies, and long term postoperative follow-up, due to the risk of becoming malignant.INTRODUÇÃO: A ectopia testicular cruzada (ETC) é uma anomalia rara, caracterizada pela descida de um testítulo no canal inguinal do lado oposto. Apresentamos um caso de ectopia cruzada do testículo direito, tratado por transposição extraperitoneal da gônada e orquipexia direita. CONCLUSÃO: Os conhecimentos embriológicos e os achados cirúrgicos sugerem que a ETC seja uma conseqüência comum de vários fatores etiológicos, sobretudo fatores mecânicos, e pode causar persistência do ducto de Müller. Após extensa revisão da literatura,sugerimos uma classificação da ETC em 3 tipos: 1 - associada somente à hérnia inguinal; II associada a remanescentes mullerianos; III - associada a outras anomalias, sem remanescentes mullerianos. O tratamento inclui orquipexia trans-septal ou transposição trans-abdominal do testículo, pesquisa de remanescentes mullerianos e outras anomalias, e seguimento pós-operatório a longo prazo, devido a risco de malignização.Escola Paulista de Medicina Department of Surgery Pediatric Surgery DivisionUNIFESP, EPM, Department of Surgery Pediatric Surgery DivisionSciEL

Use of biofeedback (BFB) in the treatment of fecal incontinence after surgical correction of anorectal malformations by posterior sagital anorectoplasty (PSARP)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate biofeedback(BFB)responses to rehabilitation techniques and physical exercises in incontinent or partially continent anorectal malformations patients after posterior sagital anorectoplasty (PSARP). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Pediatric Surgery - Department of Surgery - UNIFESP-EPM. PATIENTS:The authors report on 14 patients with anorectal malformations (4 with partial fecal incontinence after primary PSARP; 6 with fecal incontinence after primary PSARP; 3 with partial fecal incontinence after secondary PSARP; and 1 with fecal incontinence after secondary PSARP). All patients were rehabilitated via a BFB program of exercises in order to improve the function of the anal sphincteric muscular complex for a period of 1 -3 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Clinical and manometric control. RESULTS: After BFB, of 4 partially continent patients after primary PSARP, 3 became continent; of 6 incontinent patients after primary PSARP, 4 became continent; of 3 partially continent patients after secondary PSARP, 1 became continent,1 showed no improvement and 1 became incontinent (infection + abscess + fibrosis + important anorectal stenosis). The incontinent patient after secondary PSARP showed no improvement. CONCLUSION: The authors concluded that BFB, used at the appropriate time with patient collaboration, is an important complement to the anatomical reconstruction of anorectal malformations in order to achieve good development and contractile functioning of the sphincteric muscular complex

Clinical and manometric postoperative evaluation of posterior sagital anorectoplasty (PSARP) in patients with upper and intermediate anorectal malformations

PSARP is currently the most widely-used surgical technique for surgical correction of high and intermediary anorectal malformations, but there is much controversy in the literature about the postoperative evaluation of these cases. We studied 27 cases of anorectal malformations operated with PSARP from clinical and manometric aspects in order to analyze: 1) fecal continence; 2) the relationship between fecal continence and the associated sacral anomalies and; 3) the relationship between the postoperative manometric evaluation and fecal continence. From the analysis of 27 cases of high and intermediary anorectal malformations, we concluded that: 1) fecal continence was achieved in 48.14 percent of the cases; partial fecal continence in 25.92 percent; and fecal incontinence in 25.92 percent of the cases; 2) the presence of fecal incontinence was directly related to the association of sacral anomalies and; 3) anorectal manometry is a useful test to evaluate the patients operated by PSARP, due to the existence of a relationship between the manometric results and the degree of fecal continence

Ethical assessment of research protocols: the experience of the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE)

This is a review article on the origin of the ethical analysis ofresearch protocols, the Brazilian and International legislation,including the Research Ethics Committee of Hospital IsraelitaAlbert Einstein. Since 1997, when the Committee was validatedits role has been recognized as that of a consultant and educator,participating on local and national scientific events andcollaborating with researchers in order to improve their projectsand learn to recognize ethical dilemmas in their protocols

Clinical and radiological postoperative evaluation of posterior sagittal anorectoplasty in patients with upper and intermediate anorectal malformations

The PSARP is today the most-used surgical technique for correction of high and intermediary anorectal malformations.There is much controversy in the literature about the post-operative evaluation of these cases. We studied 27 cases of anorectal malformations from clinical and radiological aspects, in order to analyse: 1. Fecal continence 2.Relationship between post-operative fecal continence and the associated sacral anomalies 3.Relationship between the radiological evaluation by defecogram and fecal continence From the analysis of the cases, we concluded: 1. Fecal continence was achieved in 48.14% of the cases; partial continence in 25.92%; and fecal incontinence in 25.92% of the cases. 2.The presence of fecal incontinence was directly related to the associated sacral anomalies

Crossed testicular ectopia

Crossed testicular ectopia (CTE) is a rare anomaly, characterized by migration of one testis towards the opposite inguinal canal. Presented here is a case of crossed ectopia of the right testis, treated by extraperitoneal transposition of the gonad and right orchiopexy. Embriology and surgical findings suggest that CTE is a common consequence of many unclear ethiologic factors, specially mechanical ones, and can be associated with Muller duct persistence. Review of literature suggests a classification of CTE into 3 types: I - associated with inguinal hernia alone; II - associated with persistent mullerian remnants; III - associated with other anomalies without mullerian remnants. Treatment includes transeptal orchiopexy or extraperitoneal transposition of the testis, research for mullerian remnants and other anomalies, and long term postoperative follow-up, due to the risk of becoming malignant