10 research outputs found

    Aspectos laboratoriais e clínicos de disfunções renais prevalentes na infância

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    Background: Kidney disease in a general aspect is considered a progressive condition that leads to altered kidney function when in advanced stages, it is usually a pathology without alternatives for rapid improvement, with progressive evolution that can cause medical, social and economic problems. Objective: To trace the clinical and laboratory profile of children and adolescents with kidney disease. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. Sample with children and adolescents aged 2 to 14 years old admitted to a university hospital of high complexity, in São Luís (MA), Brazil, in the period from January 2014 to July 2018 with diagnosis of renal dysfunction. Results: 219 patients were included. Most were female and from the interior of the state. The main signs and symptoms were edema with a percentage of 64.8% and 51.1% with oliguria, and as for the laboratory profile was verified the average values of hematocrit below the reference values, in this aspect it is highlighted that renal vasoconstriction can lead the patient to present anemia of renal disease. Conclusion: Laboratory and clinical aspects of renal dysfunction are associated mainly with anemia and edema, actions involving individual aspects of nutritional intake, laboratory screening and early interventions may reduce mortality and comorbidity.Objetivo: Traçar o perfil clínico e laboratorial de crianças e adolescentes com doenças renais. Método: Estudo de caráter observacional retrospectivo. Amostra com crianças e adolescentes de 2 a 14 anos de idade internadas no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão entre janeiro de 2014 a julho de 2018 com diagnóstico de disfunção renal. Resultados: Foram incluídos 219 pacientes. A maioria eram do sexo feminino e provenientes do interior do Estado. Os principais sinais e sintomas foram edema com um percentual de 64,8% e 51,1% com oligúria, e quanto ao perfil laboratorial foi verificado os valores médios do hematócrito foram abaixo dos valores de referências, nesse aspecto destaca-se que a vasoconstrição renal pode levar o paciente a apresentar anemia da doença renal. Conclusão: Estudos que envolvem dados clínicos e laboratoriais auxiliam na tomada de decisões como aporte nutricional, rastreamento laboratorial e intervenções precoces afim de reduzir a mortalidade e comorbidade

    Avaliação dos óbitos neonatais em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso em quatro maternidades no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

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    O objetivo foi descrever as causas de morte em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso, em quatro maternidades do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. No estudo longitudinal foram incluídos todos os recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso até completarem 27 dias de vida. Descrita a distribuição dos recém-nascidos vivos, recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso, percentual de óbitos por maternidades e o seu total, foram calculados os coeficientes de mortalidade neonatal total e seus componentes. Viabilidade e tempo de mortes foram avaliados. O estudo incluiu 487 recém-nascidos. A mortalidade neonatal foi de 11,3‰, a precoce de 8,3‰ e a tardia de 2,9‰. A viabilidade de recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso foi superior a 26 semanas gestacionais e 749g de peso. A mortalidade foi baixa nos primeiros três dias de vida, especialmente no 1º, e elevada do 4º ao 28º. Principal causa da morte foi a sepsis. As ações dos gestores de saúde devem ser direcionadas na melhoraria do diagnóstico; controle das infecções perinatais; diminuição da contaminação hospitalar dos recém-nascidos, com redução da superpopulação nas enfermarias; estudo rotineiro das placentas e necropsia de recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso

    Comparação da mortalidade neonatal em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso ao nascimento, em maternidades do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Comparison of neonatal mortality in very low birth weight newborns at maternity hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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    Foi realizada a comparação das taxas de mortalidade neonatal em quatro maternidades do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A população estudada foi de recém-nascidos com peso inferior a 1.500g. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário com dados informados pela mãe e o prontuário médico. Foram calculados, para cada instituição, as Razões Padronizadas de Mortalidade (RPM) com o método direto e indireto, tendo como padrão a distribuição por peso do National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research. A amostra final apresentou 487 recém-nascidos. As padronizações pelo método direto e indireto mostraram elevadas taxas de mortalidade em todas as instituições; as que apresentaram a maior quantidade de recém-nascidos nas faixas com os menores pesos, foram aquelas que mostraram os menores valores de RPM. A menor razão de mortalidade por faixa de peso foi encontrada na faixa de peso entre 500 e 749g. Os resultados da RPM estão inversamente associados ao quantitativo populacional de recém-nascidos nas faixas com os menores pesos. Os coeficientes de mortalidade mostraram taxas altas, principalmente nas faixas de peso mais elevados. Os resultados apontam para uma qualidade deficiente na atenção perinatal.<br>This study was a comparison of neonatal mortality rates in four maternity hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study population consisted of newborns with birth weight below 1,500g. The research instrument was a questionnaire with data reported by the mother and collected from the patient record. For each maternity hospital the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated using the direct and indirect method, using the weight distribution of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research as the standard. The final sample consisted of 487 newborns. Standardizations by the direct and indirect method showed high mortality rates in all four institutions; those showing the largest number of newborns in the lowest weight brackets were those with the lowest SMR values. The lowest mortality ratio by weight bracket was in the 500 to 749g group. The SMR results were inversely associated with the quantitative population of newborns in the lowest weight brackets. The mortality coefficients showed high rates, especially in the highest weight brackets. The results indicate deficient quality of perinatal care

    Factors associated with red blood cell transfusions in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants in Brazilian neonatal units

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    Preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units frequently receive red blood cells (RBC) transfusions due to the anemia of prematurity. A number of variables related to gestational age, severity of illness and transfusion practices adopted in the neonatal unit where the neonate was born may contribute to the prescription of RBC transfusions. This study aimed to analyse the frequency and factors associated with RBC transfusions in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants. A prospective cohort of 4283 preterm infants (gestational age: 29.9 ± 2.9 weeks; birth weight: 1084 ± 275 g) carried out at 16 university hospitals in Brazil between January 2009 and December 2011 was analysed. Factors associated with RBC transfusions were evaluated using univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis. A total of 2208 (51.6%) infants received RBC transfusions (variation per neonatal unit: 34.1% to 66.4%). RBC transfusions were significantly associated with gestational age (OR: -1.098; 95%CI: -1.12 to -1.04), SNAPPE II score (1.01; 1.00-1.02), apnea (1.69; 1.34-2.14), pulmonary hemorrhage (2.65; 1.74-4.031), need for oxygen at 28 days of life (1.56; 1.17-2.08), clinical sepsis (3.22; 2.55-4.05), necrotising enterocolitis (3.80; 2.26-6.41), grades III/IV intraventricular hemorrhage (1.64; 1.05-2.58), mechanical ventilation (2.27; 1.74-2.97), use of umbilical catheter (1.86; 1.35-2.57), parenteral nutrition (2.06; 1.27-3.33), >60 days of hospitalization (5.29; 4.02-6.95) and the neonatal unit where the neonate was born. The frequency of RBC transfusions varied among neonatal intensive care units. Even after adjusting for adverse health conditions and therapeutic interventions, the neonatal unit continued to influence transfusion practices in very-low birth-weight infants

    Fatores associados à morte neonatal em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso em quatro maternidades no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Factors associated with neonatal mortality among very low birthweight newborns in four maternity hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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    Os recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso representam a grande maioria das mortes no período neonatal, constituindo o maior percentual da mortalidade infantil no Brasil. Este estudo, do tipo longitudinal, incluiu um total de 487 recém-nascidos e propôs uma análise dos fatores associados à mortalidade em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso até completarem 27 dias de vida. Foram calculados os riscos relativos de óbito para cada uma das variáveis estudada, e as que se mostraram estatisticamente significativas foram selecionadas para o modelo multivariado, no qual se calcularam as razões de chances (OR) com a regressão logística. Os fatores associados à diminuição do risco de morte foram: uso de corticosteróide antenatal (OR = 0,40; IC90%: 0,23-0,74) e uso de nutrição parenteral total (OR = 0,06; IC90%: 0,02-0,15). Os fatores associados ao risco de morte foram: recém-nascido do sexo masculino (OR = 2,19; IC90%: 1,27-4,00); hemorragia materna (OR = 4,28; IC90%: 1,27-14,46) e uso de ventilação mecânica (OR = 18,83; IC90%: 5,15-68,87); escore de CRIB (OR = 4,48; IC90%: 2,43-8,27) e peso ao nascimento. O uso de corticosteróide antenatal deve ser mais difundido, visando à diminuição da morbi-mortalidade neonatal.<br>In Brazil, neonatal mortality is the most common cause of infant mortality. The majority of deaths occur in very low birthweight newborns. This longitudinal study assesses factors associated with mortality risk in very low birthweight newborns during the first 27 days of life. Relative risk of mortality was assessed for each variable, and the most statistically significant variables were selected for the multivariate model, in which odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression. Factors associated with decreased mortality risk were: prenatal corticosteroid (OR = 0.40; 90%CI: 0.23-0.74) and total parenteral nutrition (OR = 0.06; 90%CI: 0.02-0.15). Factors associated with increased mortality risk were: male gender (OR = 2.19; 90%CI: 1.27-4.00); maternal hemorrhage (OR = 4.28; 90%CI: 1.27-14.46); use of mechanical ventilation (OR = 18.83; 90%CI: 5.15-68.87); CRIB (OR = 4.48; 90%CI: 2.43-8.27); and birthweight. Selective use of prenatal corticosteroid should be encouraged in order to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity

    EVALUATION OF USABILITY OF A NEONATAL HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM ACCORDING TO THE USER’S PERCEPTION

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    ABSTRACT Objective: To measure the level of satisfaction regarding the usability of a neonatal health information system and identify if demographic factors can influence the usability of a health information system. Methods: A cross-sectional, exploratory study was carried out with a convenience sample of 50 users of the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network. The instrument chosen for the usability evaluation was the System Usability Scale between February and March 2017. The statistical analysis of the collected variables was carried out in order to describe the sample, to quantify the level of satisfaction of the users and to identify the variables associated with the level of satisfaction. Results: The female gender represented 75% of the sample. The mean age was 52.8 years; 58% had a doctoral degree, average time of graduation was 17 years, with area of practice in medicine (neonatology), with intermediate knowledge in computer science (74%) and mean system use time of 52 months. Regarding usability, 94% rated the system as “good”, “excellent” or “better than imaginable”. The usability of the system was not associated with age, gender, education, profession, area of practice, knowledge in computer science and time of system use. Conclusion: The level of satisfaction of the computerized health system user was considered good. No demographic factors were associated with the satisfaction of the users
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