Incidental thyroid carcinoma: Correlation between FNAB cytology and pathological examination in 1093 cases

Objective: To investigate Incidental Thyroid Carcinoma (ITC) by comparing the results of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) cytology and the postoperative pathological findings. Methods: Data of 1479 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy were retrieved. Three hundred eighty-six patients were excluded due to insufficient data. Each surgical specimen studied received two histopathological diagnoses: the local diagnosis ‒ for the same area in which the FNAB was performed; and the final diagnosis, which includes a study of the entire surgical specimen. Results: A thousand and ninety-three patients were investigated. FNAB result was malignant in 187 patients, benign in 204, suspicious or indeterminate in 668 cases, and inconclusive in 34 cases. The prevalence of ITC was 15.1%. Most of the ITC in this series was less than 0.5 cm. The incidence of ITC was higher in Bethesda III (17.5% ITC) and IV (19% ITC) than in Bethesda II cases (1.5% false negatives and 9% ITC). Conclusion: Although the incidence of false-negative results in Bethesda II nodules is only 1.5%, 9% of these patients had ITC in the thyroid parenchyma outside the nodule that underwent preoperative FNAB. The incidence of ITC in the same scenario was even higher in Bethesda III (17.5%) and Bethesda IV cases (19%). Ultrasonography-guided FNAB is an excellent method for the assessment of thyroid nodules. However, biopsy sites should be carefully selected. Despite the high incidence of incidentalomas, total thyroidectomy should not always be the treatment of choice due to its rare but potentially serious complications. The findings of the present study can assist future clinical decisions towards active surveillance strategies for the management of papillary thyroid carcinoma

The Liver Plays a Major Role in Clearance and Destruction of Blood Trypomastigotes in Trypanosoma cruzi Chronically Infected Mice

Intravenous challenge with Trypanosoma cruzi can be used to investigate the process and consequences of blood parasite clearance in experimental Chagas disease. One hour after intravenous challenge of chronically infected mice with 5×106 trypomastigotes, the liver constituted a major site of parasite accumulation, as revealed by PCR. Intact parasites and/or parasite remnants were visualized at this time point scattered in the liver parenchyma. Moreover, at this time, many of liver-cleared parasites were viable, as estimated by the frequency of positive cultures, which considerably diminished after 48 h. Following clearance, the number of infiltrating cells in the hepatic tissue notably increased: initially (at 24 h) as diffuse infiltrates affecting the whole parenchyma, and at 48 h, in the form of large focal infiltrates in both the parenchyma and perivascular spaces. Phenotypic characterization of liver-infiltrating cells 24 h after challenge revealed an increase in Mac1+, CD8+ and CD4+ cells, followed by natural killer (NK) cells. As evidence that liver-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ cells were activated, increased frequencies of CD69+CD8+, CD69+CD4+ and CD25+CD122+CD4+ cells were observed at 24 and 48 h after challenge, and of CD25−CD122+CD4+ cells at 48 h. The major role of CD4+ cells in liver protection was suggested by data showing a very high frequency of interferon (IFN)-γ-producing CD4+ cells 24 h after challenge. In contrast, liver CD8+ cells produced little IFN-γ, even though they showed an enhanced potential for secreting this cytokine, as revealed by in vitro T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Confirming the effectiveness of the liver immune response in blood parasite control during the chronic phase of infection, no live parasites were detected in this organ 7 days after challenge

Pós-colheita de Flores e Folhagens: Manutenção da Qualidade

Os padrões de qualidade das flores e plantas ornamentais estabelecidos pelos principais produtores e pelo mercado consumidor têm contribuído cada vez mais para que os revendedores / floristas, exijam produto com altíssimo padrão e qualidade e em perfeito estado de conservação, sem danos, isso quer dizer, sejam visualmente e esteticamente perfeitas e duráveis.

Patógenos associados a doenças de plantas ornamentais no Estado do Ceará

Este trabalho consta de uma lista patógenos associados a doenças de plantas ornamentais no Estado do Ceará. Os fungos Cercospora apii, Chalara paradoxa, Corynespora cassiicola, Cylindrocladium candelabrum, Sphaeropsis sp., Plasmopora halstedii, Uredo anthuri e Zygosporium sp., as bactérias Pectobacterium sp., Dickeya chrysanthemi, Ralstonia solanacearum raça 2  e  Xanthomonas axonopodisis pv. dieffenbachiae, Chrysantemum stem necrosis virus bem como a “faixa clorótica do tapeinóquilos” (Rhabdovirus)são relatados pela primeira vez associados a plantas ornamentais no Estado do Ceará. As plantas Anthurium andreanum, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Codiaeum variegatum Duranta repens var. aurea,  Etlingera elatior, Heliconia spp., Gomphrena globosa,  Jatropha podagrica e Sansevieria cylindrica são registradas como novas hospedeiras de nematóides do gênero Meloidogyne. O elevado número de patógenos associados a plantas ornamentais no Ceará tem sido acrescido de novos fitopatógenos, pela introdução indiscriminada de material propagativo infectado, adquirido em outros estados brasileiros

Características morfológicas e fitossanitárias de variedades de roseira na etapa de classificação Morphological and fitossanitary characteristics in rose varieties on classification stage

A qualidade da haste floral de roseira é afetada por inúmeros defeitos, como botão pequeno ou presença de doenças e ferimentos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características morfológicas (comprimento e retidão da haste e do botão floral) e fitossanitárias (incidência de míldio, oídio, mofo cinzento e dano causado por lagarta) de sete variedades de roseira cultivadas em ambiente protegido. As características foram observadas em três avaliações. O comprimento médio de haste floral variou de 56,1 a 83,3cm, enquanto que o comprimento médio dos botões variou de 4,7 a 5,2cm. Foram observados sintomas de míldio, oídio, mofo cinzento e injúria causada por lagarta nas hastes florais, sendo o oídio o principal problema fitossanitário observado, tendo afetado de 2,9 a 41,3% das hastes, dependendo da variedade. Cerca de 70% das hastes de cada variedade apresentaram características do tipo de C ou D durante a etapa de classificação. Esses resultados reforçam a necessidade da avaliação das diversas características das variedades adquiridas, antes da implementação do cultivo comercial.<br>The quality of the rose's floral stem can be affected by numerous faults as small button or diseases and injuries. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological (length and rightness of stem and rose bud) and fitossanitary (downy mildew, powdery mildew, gray mold and caterpillar damage) characteristics in seven varieties of rose grown in a greenhouse. The characteristics were analyzed three times. The average length of floral stems ranged from 56.1 to 83.3cm, while the average length of buttons ranged from 4.7 to 5.2cm in the varieties evaluated. Symptoms of downy mildew, powdery mildew, gray mold and damage caused by caterpillar were observed, although powdery mildew were the main problem witch affect from 2,9 to 41,3% of floral stems. About 70% of the stems of all varieties showed characteristics of type C or D during the classification stage. These results reinforce the necessity of evaluating new varieties before the implementation of commercial cultivation

Conservação pós-colheita de <i>Spathyphyllum</i> <i>walisii</i> <i>Regel</i> com a utilização de solução de “Pulsing”

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de solução sacarose (pulsing), aplicada em diferentes concentrações, na conservação de inflorescências de Spathyphyllum walisii Regel

Vida pós-colheita de crisântemo com o uso da translocação de sacarose e solução Pulsing

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a aparência visual e a translocação de açúcar em hastes florais de crisântemos Dendranthema grandiflora (Ram.) Tzv. depois de submetidos a tratamentos com diferentes concentrações de sacarose durante duas horas e armazenados em água

Utilização da solução “Pulsing” na conservação pós-colheita de <i>Heliconia</i> <i>wagneriana</i> Petersen

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de solução “pulsing” (30% de sacarose) na manutenção da turgescência nas hastes florais de heliconia wagneriana Peterse