Relacion entre factores meteorológicos y recuentos de pólenes de gramíneas causantes de alergias

Ponencia presentada en: IV Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología "El Clima entre el Mar y la Montaña", celebrado en Santander del 2 al 5 de noviembre de 2004.[ES]Los pólenes de gramíneas son la causa más importante de la fiebre del heno. Esta comunicación es desarrollo y ampliación de trabajos previos para hallar relaciones entre factores meteorológicos y cantidades totales de dichos pólenes en la ciudad de Madrid. Se establecen correlaciones entre diferentes combinaciones de totales de precipitación y temperaturas para los meses previos y durante la época de polinización en la zona centro de España: meses de mayo y junio. El periodo de datos utilizado abarca desde 1979 a 2001.Los resultados apuntan fundamentalmente a la importancia de las precipitaciones invernales previas a la temporada de floración por lo que puede ser utilizado como un predictor de la intensidad del fenómeno en la primavera siguiente.[EN]Grass pollens are the most important cause of hay fever in Spain. This communication is a development and improvement of previous works in order to find relationships between meteorological factors and total quantities of those pollens in the area of Madrid. Several correlations were found among different combinations of total of precipitation and temperatures for the previous months and during the pollination period in the central area of Spain: May and June. Data period ranges from 1979 to 2001. The importance of previous winter precipitations to the pollination season is highlighted. That factor could be used as a predictor for the intensity of the allergenic phenomenon in the following spring

Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines: A Ready-to-Act Strategy to Tackle Viral Outbreaks

Viral outbreaks have become significant threats to global human public health. New emerging viruses, pathogen mutations, and even the progressive loss of efficacy in some existing vaccines are behind this problem, which is amplified by the rapid virus spread given the ease of current mobility. Taking into account that these outbreaks arise in the absence of conventional effective vaccines, alternative approaches based on trained (innate) immunity are being considered. This immunity is dependent on a functional reprogramming of innate immune cells, leading to an enhanced nonspecific response towards different pathogens, including viruses. Trained immunity-based vaccines (TIbVs), defined as vaccine formulations containing trained immunity inducers, could be used during viral outbreaks to confer non-specific protection but also to enhance adaptive specific immune responses. In this chapter, we aim to illustrate how TIbVs could tackle the above-mentioned situations derived from viral outbreaks, reviewing the potential of available TIbVs in such urgent situations with a special mention to COVID-19

Predicción de eventos extremos de polen alergénico en la Comunidad de Madrid. Inicio de la estación polínica del plátano de sombra

Ponencia presentada en: XXX Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el IX Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en Zaragoza, del 5 al 7 de mayo de 2008.Allergenic pollens originated health problems in a rising segment of population on developed countries. Adequate forecast of extreme health related events such peaks or start of pollination season could allow to take preventive measurement that reduce hospitalization cases and an improvement in life conditions for patients that are allergic to pollens. In central part of Spain, main species that originate such pollens are grasses, plane tree, olive tree and Cupressaceae. In Madrid autonomous region, PALINOCAM Network operates 11 pollen catchments stations and issues pollen forecasts daily. AEMET supports this structure providing observed and forecast meteorological data and also new prediction tools. In this paper, a description of plane tree start of pollination season forecast procedure is shown. Main basis is the fact that it is needed to reach a value threshold on previous heat accumulation that allow to plane tree buttons to grow and start spreading its pollen. Threshold adjustment procedure for accumulate heat and daily pollen accounts is described. Up to seven days of forecasted extreme temperatures are added to observed temperature series to give forecasted accumulated heat. An evaluation of an operational scheme for the start of pollination season in March 2008 for Madrid-City has been done

Allergoid–mannan conjugates reprogram monocytes into tolerogenic dendritic cells via epigenetic and metabolic rewiring

Allergoid–mannan conjugates are novel vaccines for allergen-specific immunotherapy being currently assayed in phase 2 clinical trials. Allergoid–mannan conjugates target dendritic cells (DCs) and generate functional forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)-positive Treg cells, but their capacity to reprogram monocyte differentiation remains unknown

Bacterial Mucosal Immunotherapy with MV130 Prevents Recurrent Wheezing in Children: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.

The authors thank the patients and their families for participating in this study. They are grateful to the members of the David Sancho laboratory, especially to Carlos del Fresno, for helpful critical discussion.Rationale: Recurrent wheezing in children represents a severe public health concern. Wheezing attacks (WA), mainly associated with viral infections, lack effective preventive therapies. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mucosal sublingual immunotherapy based on whole inactivated bacteria (MV130) in preventing WA in children. Methods: A Phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial including a cohort of 120 children <3 years old with ⩾3 WA during the previous year was conducted. Children with a positive skin test to common aeroallergens in the area where the clinical trial was performed were excluded from the trial. Subjects received MV130 or placebo daily for 6 months. The primary endpoint was the number of WA within 1 year after the first dose comparing MV130 and placebo. Measurements and Main Results: There was a significant lower number of WA in MV130 versus the placebo group, 3.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 2.0-4.0) versus 5.0 (IQR, 3.0-7.0) (P < 0.001). As secondary outcomes, a decrease in the duration of WA and a reduction in symptoms and medication scores in the MV130 versus placebo group were found. No adverse events were reported related to the active treatment. Conclusions: Mucosal bacterial immunotherapy with MV130 shows safety and clinical efficacy against recurrent WA in children.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01734811).S

MV140 mucosal vaccine induces targeted immune response for enhanced clearance of uropathogenic E. coli in experimental urinary tract infection

MV140 is an inactivated whole-cell bacterial mucosal vaccine with proven clinical efficacy against recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). These infections are primarily caused by uropathogeni

From trained immunity in allergy to trained immunity‐based allergen vaccines.

Innate immune cells experience long lasting metabolic and epigenetic changes after an encounter with specific stimuli. This facilitates enhanced immune responses upon secondary exposition to both the same and unrelated pathogens, a process termed trained immunity. Trained immunity- based vaccines (TIbV) are vaccines able to induce innate immune memory, thus conferring heterologous protection against a broad range of pathogens. While trained immunity has been well documented in the con-text of infections and multiple immune- mediated diseases, the role of innate immune memory and its contribution to the initiation and maintenance of chronic allergic dis-eases remains poorly understood. Over the last years, different studies attempting to uncover the role of trained immunity in allergy have emerged. Exposition to en-vironmental factors impacting allergy development such as allergens or viruses in-duces the reprogramming of innate immune cells to acquire a more pro-inflammatory phenotype in the context of asthma or food allergy. Several studies have convincingly demonstrated that prevention of viral infections using TIbV contributes to reduce wheezing attacks in children, which represent a high- risk factor for asthma develop-ment later in life. Innate immune cells trained with specific stimuli might also acquire anti- inflammatory features and promote tolerance, which may have important impli-cations for chronic inflammatory diseases such as allergies. Recent findings showed that allergoid- mannan conjugates, which are next generation vaccines for allergen- specific immunotherapy (AIT), are able to reprogram monocytes into tolerogenic den-dritic cells by mechanisms depending on metabolic and epigenetic rewiring. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of trained immunity in allergy will pave the way for the design of novel trained immunity- based allergen vaccines as potential alternative strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases

Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines: A New Paradigm for the Development of Broad-Spectrum Anti-infectious Formulations

Challenge with specific microbial stimuli induces long lasting epigenetic changes in innate immune cells that result in their enhanced response to a second challenge by the same or unrelated microbial insult, a process referred to as trained immunity. This opens a new avenue in vaccinology to develop Trained Immunity-based Vaccines (TIbV), defined as vaccine formulations that induce training in innate immune cells. Unlike conventional vaccines, which are aimed to elicit only specific responses to vaccine-related antigens, TIbV aim to stimulate broader responses. As trained immunity is generally triggered by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), TIbV should be formulated with microbial structures containing suitable PRR-ligands. The TIbV concept we describe here may be used for the development of vaccines focused to promote host resistance against a wide spectrum of pathogens. Under the umbrella of trained immunity, a broad protection can be achieved by: (i) increasing the nonspecific effector response of innate immune cells (e.g., monocyte/macrophages) to pathogens, (ii) harnessing the activation state of dendritic cells to enhance adaptive T cell responses to both specific and nonrelated (bystander) antigens. This capacity of TIbV to promote responses beyond their nominal antigens may be particularly useful when conventional vaccines are not available or when multiple coinfections and/or recurrent infections arise in susceptible individuals. As the set of PRR-ligands chosen is essential not only for stimulating trained immunity but also to drive adaptive immunity, the precise design of TIbV will improve with the knowledge on the functional relationship among the different PRRs. While the TIbV concept is emerging, a number of the current anti-infectious vaccines, immunostimulants, and even vaccine adjuvants may already fall in the TIbV category. This may apply to increase immunogenicity of novel vaccine design approaches based on small molecules, like those achieved by reverse vaccinology

Predicción del inicio de la temporada de polinización del plátano de sombra en la Comunidad de Madrid y en la ciudad de Córdoba. Técnicas y resultados

Esta nota técnica es el resultado de un trabajo interdisciplinar en el que han intervenido meteorólogos, biólogos y médicos, con el objetivo final de mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas aquejadas por problemas de alergia. Con el fin de avanzar en el conocimiento de todos los aspectos ligados a la emisión de polen de plátano en primavera, poder así mejorar el actual sistema de vigilancia de dicho polen y optimizar los recursos del sistema sanitario, han colaborado AEMET, que ha aportado su banco de datos de variables meteorológicas para diferentes horas y distintos emplazamientos, y la Consejería de Salud de la Comunidad de Madrid, que ha proporcionado los recuentos de polen diarios de su red Palinocam. El objetivo de esta colaboración ha sido avanzar en el conocimiento de todos los aspectos ligados a la emisión del polen del plátano para poder predecir con antelación suficiente su aparición en la primavera