Patrones de consumo de alcohol en trabajadores de una industria maquiladora

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de Enfermeria con Énfasis en Salud Comunitaria) UANLUANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Influencia de estímulos contextuales sobre las actitudes y consumo de alcohol y drogas en jóvenes de la frontera norte.

Propósito y Método de Estudio: El propósito del estudio fue predecir la influencia de estímulos contextuales (Presión de pares, características del entorno de barrio, exposición de contenido de alcohol y drogas en Facebook) sobre las actitudes ante consumo de alcohol y drogas y la respuesta adaptativa o ineficaz sobre el consumo de alcohol y drogas, realizado a través de la derivación de proposiciones del Modelo de Adaptación de Roy donde se planteó una Teoría de Rango Medio que fue conformada por las proposiciones derivadas. El diseño del estudio fue predictivo y de comprobación de modelo. El muestreo fue aleatorio estratificado con asignación proporcional al tamaño del estrato, dentro de cada estrato se realizó un muestreo por conglomerados unietápico utilizando los grupos como conglomerados. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 375 jóvenes universitarios. Se calculó en el paquete n Query Advisor tomando en cuenta los siguientes parámetros; nivel de significancia de .05, potencia de 90%, con un Coeficiente de correlación de .09 considerado un tamaño de efecto mediano, una tasa de no respuesta de 10% y efecto de diseño de 1.5. Se utilizó una cédula de datos sociodemográficos así como seis cuestionarios que miden Características del Entorno de Barrio (Neighborhood Short Form, Martínez, 2000), con un Alpha de Cronbach de .74, el inventario de Presión de Pares (Peer Pressure Inventory, Brown & Rae, 1998) reporto una Alpha de Cronbach de .75, el Uso de Facebook (Crow, 2013), presento un Alpha de Cronbach de .89, Actitudes del consumo de alcohol y drogas tomada de la Escala para la Medición de la Intención de Uso de Drogas (EMIUD, Rodríguez-Kuri et al. 2007) obtuvo un Alpa de Cronbach de .94, el Cuestionario de Identificación de los Trastornos por el Consumo de Alcohol (AUDIT, [Babor et al., 1989]) con un Alpha de Cronbach de .84 y la Prueba de Detección del Consumo de Alcohol y Sustancias (ASSIST [OMS, 2011]) reportó un Alpha de Cronbach de .82. Se aplicó la prueba de KolmogorovSmirnov con Corrección de Lilliefors y se decidió el uso de pruebas no paramétricas

Noise pollution and vehicular traffic on the Mexican border

Objective -to determine the relationship between the noise level of major road intersections and the number of vehicles traveling over them.Method - a non-invasive electronic vehicle sound level meter was used for one-week periods; noise level assessment at daily intervals during the entire week, using type I integrating sound level meters.Results - the annual average daily traffic of 2739 units was identified; estimated noise level of 77.6 dB for 12-hour periods; maximum levels of 98.5 dB and 58.3 dB as minimum noise level.Limitations - the development of the field work in a period of less than one year.Main findings - the noise level in the city exceeds the reference of 65 decibels, mentioned by the World Health Organization, which leads to the conclusion that the city has noise pollution due to vehicular traffic

Characterization and Molecular Modelling of Non-Antibiotic Nanohybrids for Wound Healing Purposes

This work was supported by Project PID2020-112737RB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and the Andalusian P18-RT-3786 project. Additional information about the project PID2020-112737RB-I00 is available at the website www.herisam.es (accessed on 31 March 2023).The healing process of chronic wounds continues to be a current clinical challenge, wors- ened by the risk of microbial infections and bacterial resistance to the most frequent antibiotics. In this work, non-antibiotic nanohybrids based on chlorhexidine dihydrochloride and clay minerals have been developed in order to design advanced therapeutic systems aimed to enhance wound healing in chronic lesions. To prepare the nanohybrids, two methodologies have been compared: the intercala- tion solution procedure and the spray-drying technique, the latter as a one-step process able to reduce preparation times. Nanohybrids were then fully studied by solid state characterization techniques. Computational calculations were also performed to assess the interactions between the drug and the clays at the molecular level. In vitro human fibroblast biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were assessed to check biocompatibility and potential microbicidal effects of the obtained nanomaterials. The results demonstrated the effective organic/inorganic character of the nanohybrids with homogeneous drug distribution into the clayey structures, which had been confirmed by classical mechanics calculations. Good biocompatibility and microbicidal effects were also observed, especially for the spray-dried nanohybrids. It was suggested that it could be due to a greater contact area with target cells and bacterial suspensions.Andalusian PID2020-112737RB-I00 MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033P18-RT-378

Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene haplotypes in Mexican and Spanish patients with fibromyalgia

Autonomic dysfunction is frequent in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Heart rate variability analyses have demonstrated signs of ongoing sympathetic hyperactivity. Catecholamines are sympathetic neurotransmitters. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme, is the major catecholamine-clearing pathway. There are several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the COMT gene associated with the different catecholamine-clearing abilities of the COMT enzyme. These SNPs are in linkage disequilibrium and segregate as 'haplotypes'. Healthy females with a particular COMT gene haplotype (ACCG) producing a defective enzyme are more sensitive to painful stimuli. The objective of our study was to define whether women with FM, from two different countries (Mexico and Spain), have the COMT gene haplotypes that have been previously associated with greater sensitivity to pain. All the individuals in the study were female. Fifty-seven Mexican patients and 78 Spanish patients were compared with their respective healthy control groups. All participants filled out the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Six COMT SNPs (rs2097903, rs6269, rs4633, rs4818, rs4680, and rs165599) were genotyped from peripheral blood DNA. In Spanish patients, there was a significant association between three SNPs (rs6269, rs4818, and rs4680) and the presence of FM when compared with healthy controls. Moreover, in Spanish patients with the 'high pain sensitivity' haplotype (ACCG), the disease, as assessed by the FIQ, was more severe. By contrast, Mexican patients displayed only a weak association between rs6269 and rs165599, and some FIQ subscales. In our group of Spanish patients, there was an association between FM and the COMT haplotype previously associated with high pain sensitivity. This association was not observed in Mexican patients. Studies with a larger sample size are needed in order to verify or amend these preliminary results

Dinámica del pastoreo en la asociación cultivos y ovinos de agroecosistemas de clima templado en México

The study analyzed the dynamics of grazing in sheep production associated with agricultural crops based on the social, productive, market, income, and environmental dimensions in the temperate region of Puebla and Tlaxcala, Mexico. The use of grazing, topography, climate, crops and type of vegetation in the production systems and data on the family, means of production, market and income were recorded with interviews applied to 256 sheep producers. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and response surface linear regression models and multilevel models, with the SAS statistical package. Five crop and sheep associations were defined as results. The response surface linear regression models, fitted for grazing percentage, had differences in the slopes estimated (P<0.05) for producer experience, schooling, days of work spent on sheep, value of facilities and flock size. The multilevel analysis showed that 19 % of the variance in grazing time (hours) was explained by the variables of crop and sheep associations (level 2) and the rest by production units (level 1). Multilevel models associated grazing time with income (P<0.01), percentage of lamb sales (P<0.01), schooling (P<0.05), days of work spent on sheep (P<0.05), flock size P<0.05) and grazing percentage (P<0.001). The study allowed the classification of agroecosystems and the identification of the most appropriate profile of producer for sheep production in the socioecological and economic context in the temperate region of Puebla and Tlaxcala, Mexico.En el presente estudio se analizó la dinámica del pastoreo en la producción de ovinos asociada a los cultivos agrícolas a partir de la dimensión social, productiva, mercado, ingresos y ambiental en la región templada de Puebla y Tlaxcala, México. Se registró el uso del pastoreo, relieve, clima, cultivos y tipo de vegetación en los sistemas de producción y datos de la familia, medios de producción, mercado e ingresos con entrevista a 256 productores de ovinos. Los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva y modelos de regresión lineal de superficie de respuesta y modelos multinivel, con el paquete estadístico SAS. Como resultados se definieron cinco asociaciones cultivos y ovinos. Los modelos de regresión lineal de superficie de respuesta, ajustada por porcentaje de pastoreo, tuvieron diferencias en las pendientes estimadas (P<0.05) para experiencia del productor, escolaridad, jornales dedicados a ovinos, valor de instalaciones y tamaño de rebaño. El análisis multinivel mostró que 19 % de la varianza en el tiempo de pastoreo (horas) fue explicada por las variables de las asociaciones cultivos y ovinos (nivel 2) y el resto por las unidades de producción (nivel 1). Los modelos multinivel asociaron el tiempo de pastoreo con los ingresos (P<0.01), porcentaje de venta de corderos (P<0.01), escolaridad (P<0.05), jornales dedicados a ovinos (P<0.05), tamaño de rebaño P<0.05) y porcentaje de pastoreo (P<0.001). El estudio permitió clasificar a los agroecosistemas e identificar el perfil del productor más apropiado para la producción de ovinos en el contexto socioecológico y económico en la región templada de Puebla y Tlaxcala, México

Contaminación por ruido y el tráfico vehicular en la frontera de México

Objetivo -determinar la relación entre el nivel de ruido de las principales intersecciones viales y el número de vehículos que transitan sobre ellas. Método - se utilizó un aforador vehicular electrónico no invasivo en periodos de una semana; evaluación del nivel de ruido en intervalos diarios durante la semana completa, utilizando sonómetros integradores tipo I. Resultados - se identificó el tráfico promedio diario anual de 2739 unidades; estimación del nivel de ruido de 77.6 dB para periodos de 12 horas; niveles máximos de 98.5 dB y 58.3 dB como nivel mínimo de ruido. Limitaciones - el desarrollo del trabajo de campo en un periodo menor a un año. Principales hallazgos - el nivel de ruido en la ciudad supera el referente de 65 decibeles, mencionado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, lo que permite concluir que la ciudad presenta contaminación a causa del ruido derivado del tráfico vehicular

Diabetes Mellitus and Amyloid Beta Protein Pathology in Dementia

Amyloidosis is a pathological condition which consists on the accumulation of fibrillar proteins. This disease is characterized by extracellular amyloid deposits with a clinical variability depending on the affected tissue. Histopathological evidence indicates that diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) induces dementia development, specifically Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has been demonstrated in animal subjects that there is a possibility that aberrant signaling of insulin is a key factor in the induction of the pathology of AD. Recently, there has been newly emerged evidence regarding the relationship between the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and insulin resistance. On another note, the importance of the amyloid deposits in the patients’ pancreas with DM2 was evidenced by the discovery of islets of amyloid polypeptide. This has generated interest in the search of the etiopathogenic role of DM2 in the carbohydrates’ metabolism. Finally, it is important to consider DM2 as a risk factor essential for the formation of deposits of amyloid-β in patients’ brains with dementia