Advertising of specialized medical services in the internet: bioethical aspects involved in the matter

Propaganda médica é tema de relevância mundial controverso. O médico tem legítimo direito de propagar suas atividades profissionais, mas deve conservar-se dentro dos limites éticos. É clara a importância que a comunicação assume na promoção da saúde. A internet insere-se, nesta conjuntura, como uma mídia utilizada para educação da população e propagação da publicidade médica. Contudo, o compromisso ético vem sendo substituído por interesses da política socioeconômica capitalista. Quando o médico se torna responsável pela banalização da medicina, coloca em xeque a relação médico-paciente. Este estudo levantou no Google propagandas de serviços médicos especializados do Estado de São Paulo na internet, de outubro de 2008 a julho de 2009.La propaganda médica es un tema controversial de relevancia mundial. El médico tiene el legítimo derecho de propagar sus actividades profesionales, pero debe conservarse dentro de los límites éticos. Está clara la importancia que la comunicación asume en la promoción de la salud. El internet se insiere, en esta coyuntura, como un medio utilizado para educación de la población y propagación de la publicidad médica. A pesar de eso, el compromiso ético viene siendo substituido por intereses de la política socioeconómica capitalista. Cuando el médico se torna responsable por la banalización de la medicina, se coloca en jaque la relación médico-paciente. Este estudio procuró en Google propagandas de servicios médicos especializados del Estado de São Paulo en el internet, de octubre de 2008 a julio de 2009.Publicidade. Internet. Ética médica. Bioética.Medical advertising is a controversial theme of worldwide relevance. The physician has the legitimate right of advertising his/her professional activities, but must preserve him/herself within the ethical limits. The importance that communication assumes in the promotion of health is clear. The internet is inserted in this conjuncture as a media used for education of the population and dissemination of medical advertising. However, the ethical commitment is being substituted by capitalist socioeconomic political interests. When the physician becomes responsible for the trivialization of medicine, it challenges the physician-patient relationship. This study assessed, in Google, advertisements of specialized medical services of the State of São Paulo in the internet, from September 2008 to July 2009

O trote em uma faculdade de medicina: uma análise de seus excessos e influências socioeconômicas

INTRODUÇÃO: as situações de trote excessivo se confrontam com a importância do trote para a integração dos alunos; este deixa de ser apenas uma brincadeira e se torna um meio de auto-afirmação e hierarquização, ferindo o direito individual do calouro. OBJETIVO: verificar a existência de influências socioeconômicas e de gênero. METODOLOGIA: questionário quantitativo com tabulação em Excel e análise estatística por meio do software Microstat. POPULAÇÃO: estudantes de primeiro, segundo e terceiro ano de 2006 e primeiro ano de 2007 do curso de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas. RESULTADOS: os homens aplicam mais trote e recebem menos de mulheres; os homens recebem os piores trotes de homens, e as mulheres recebem de mulheres; os homens concordam mais com a função integrativa do trote; o trote pode se expressar como uma forma de violência, independentemente do gênero; o trote é considerado de leve a moderado pelos homens, e de pesado a muito pesado pelas mulheres; para as mulheres, o trote é mais constrangedor. CONCLUSÃO: o trote se apresenta de forma diferente entre homens e mulheres, e não há relação entre renda familiar e trote

I Fórum Paulista de Serviços de Apoio ao Estudante de Medicina — Forsa Paulista — “A Carta de Marília”

RESUMO No dia 12 de maio de 2016, estiveram reunidos na cidade de Marília, no I Fórum de Serviços de Apoio aos Estudantes de Medicina (Forsa), realizado durante o 10° Congresso Paulista de Educação Médica (CPEM), representantes de serviços de apoio discente, bem como docentes e estudantes de Medicina, a fim de discutir e elencar estratégias de fortalecimento dos serviços de apoio à saúde discente, estritamente necessárias no contexto violento em que se inserem as escolas médicas. Foi criado um documento, denominado “A Carta de Marília”. Em 13 de outubro de 2016, esse documento foi referendado pelo XI Fórum Cobem dos Serviços de Apoio (Forsa Cobem) durante o 54º Congresso Brasileiro de Educação Médica na cidade de Brasília

The Mitochondrial Genome Of The Phytopathogenic Basidiomycete Moniliophthora Perniciosa Is 109 Kb In Size And Contains A Stable Integrated Plasmid.

We present here the sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the basidiomycete phytopathogenic hemibiotrophic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, causal agent of the Witches' Broom Disease in Theobroma cacao. The DNA is a circular molecule of 109,103 base pairs, with 31.9% GC, and is the largest sequenced so far. This size is due essentially to the presence of numerous non-conserved hypothetical ORFs. It contains the 14 genes coding for proteins involved in the oxidative phosphorylation, the two rRNA genes, one ORF coding for a ribosomal protein (rps3), and a set of 26 tRNA genes that recognize codons for all amino acids. Seven homing endonucleases are located inside introns. Except atp8, all conserved known genes are in the same orientation. Phylogenetic analysis based on the cox genes agrees with the commonly accepted fungal taxonomy. An uncommon feature of this mitochondrial genome is the presence of a region that contains a set of four, relatively small, nested, inverted repeats enclosing two genes coding for polymerases with an invertron-type structure and three conserved hypothetical genes interpreted as the stable integration of a mitochondrial linear plasmid. The integration of this plasmid seems to be a recent evolutionary event that could have implications in fungal biology. This sequence is available under GenBank accession number AY376688.1121136-5

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care