Desenvolvimento e produtividade de maracujazeiro amarelo enxertado na região de Presidente Prudente, SP

A morte prematura de plantas tem causado sérios problemas na cultura do maracujazeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims), provocando redução na produção e migração da cultura. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento e a produtividade de plantas de maracujazeiro-amarelo enxertadas por garfagem e encostia com raiz dupla. O trabalho foi conduzido no período de agosto de 2009 a junho de 2010 no município de Presidente Prudente, SP.  Estudaram-se dois porta-enxertos, o P. alata e o P. gibertii, plantas enxertadas sobre P. gibertii e P. edulis (raiz dupla) e plantas sem enxertia (pé-franco). Avaliaram-se o diâmetro do porta-enxerto e do enxerto, o número de frutos por planta e a produtividade do maracujazeiro-amarelo. Adotou-se o delineamento estatístico em blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos e nove repetições. A enxertia pode ser utilizada no cultivo comercial do maracujazeiro-amarelo, desde que o porta-enxerto seja compatível com o enxerto. Plantas pé-franco e plantas enxertadas por encostia foram mais vigorosas que plantas enxertadas por garfagem. O uso da enxertia não interferiu no número de frutos e na produtividade do maracujazeiro amarelo

EFFECT OF INSTANTANEOUS LIGHT INTENSITY AFTER MAGNESIUM SUPPRESSION IN TOMATO AND BELL PEPPER CULTIVATION

Plants dynamically respond to varying light intensities, which may further interact with their nutrient status to affect gas exchange parameters. This study investigated the combined effect of instantaneous light intensity and magnesium suppression on tomato and bell pepper cultivation. Two independent experiments were conducted in September 2022 using the tomato variety Mariana (Sakata®) and bell pepper variety Magali R (Sakata®) at the Faculty of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil. A completely randomized 2x5 factorial design was employed, with the first factor being the presence/absence of magnesium in the nutrient solution and the second factor being four light intensities: 0 (control), 600, 1200, and 1800 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) applied instantaneously using an IRGA device. Magnesium deficiency was confirmed to be a limiting factor for gas exchange responses in both tomato and pepper crops. Notably, the light intensity of 1200 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR elicited the most optimal gas exchange performance in both plant species

NUTRIENT SUPPRESSION IN PASSION FRUIT SPECIES: AN APPROACH TO LEAF DEVELOPMENT AND MORPHOLOGY

The production of passion fruit in commercial areas requires a good correction of nutrients in the soil, however, with nutritional restrictions it can cause symptoms of deficiency expressed mainly in the leaves and stems, which may appear spots, reduced growth, changes in the architecture of these organs mainly in the its size and shape. This work aimed to know the effects caused by the suppression of nutrients in passion fruit species with an approach on their development and leaf morphology. The experimental design was completely randomized (DIC) in a 2x6 factorial scheme where the first factor was composed of two passion fruit species: P. gibertii and P. edulis, interacting with the availability of nutrients, that is, a control group with the supply of all nutrients, with nitrogen suppression (N); phosphorus (P); potassium (K); magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe), totaling 12 treatments with four replications totaling 48 plots or plastic vessels per experiment. The species P. edulis showed better responses to the variables of development and leaf morphology. The species P. gibertii is more susceptible to nutrient deficiency and showed changes in the color and shape of its leaves with the restriction of nutrients. The nutrients Fe and Mg caused greater restrictions on the development and leaf morphology of passion fruit species. It is necessary to carry out a new study with the species P. gibertii regarding the appropriate concentrations of N, P and K provided in planting and cover, as this species is used as a rootstock in commercial areas

CROP YIELD AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ACEROLA CLONES GROWN IN THE ALTA PAULISTA REGION, BRAZIL

This paper aimed to evaluate crop yield and physical and chemical characteristics of acerola (Malpighia emarginata Sessé & Mociño ex DC) clones grown in the Alta Paulista region, Brazil. The evaluation comprised 7 clones, namely: Olivier, BRS 238-Frutacor, BRS 236-Cereja, BRS 235-Apodi, BRS 237-Roxinha, Okinawa, and Waldy-CATI 30, studied from October 2018 to April 2019. Crop yield was analyzed based on the accumulated production of 12 harvests, with fresh mass expressed in kg fruit·plant-1. Considering the capacity of 30 harvests per plant within the complete cropping period, total fruit mass (in kg fruit·plant-1) and crop yield (in t ha-1) were estimated. Samples were collected from 4 of the 12 harvests in order to determine average fruit mass (g); average fruit size, fruit height/diameter ratio, and pulp yield (%). Regarding fruit pulp, the analysis consisted of quantifying the soluble solids, expressed in degrees Brix, and the technological index (i.e. pulp yield x °Brix/100). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with 7 treatments and 4 repetitions. The obtained data were statistically processed by analysis of variance using the F test, and the means were compared using the Tukey’s test at the 0.05 significance level. The study concluded that, given the soil and weather conditions of the Alta Paulista region, Olivier, Apodi and Frutacor are the clones mainly recommended for the agro-industrial market, being the Olivier cultivar the first option among the three and appearing in a greater proportion in the area of the commercial orchard studied. Regarding the acerola production for fresh consumption, Olivier and Roxinha are the most suitable clones. Olivier stands out for its good fruit yield, adequate physical and chemical characteristics, and easy manual harvesting

DESEMPENHO PRODUTIVO DE MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELO EM ÁREA COM Fusarium solani

The use of grafting in tolerant rootstocks has shown good results in contolling Fusarium wilt in yellow passion fruit, considered one of the main problems in the crop, which affects the plant’s root system and has no chemical control. The presennt study aimed to evaluate the survival, the agronomic performance of plants and the physical characteristics of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) grafted on three rootstocks in area with Fusarium wilt. The experiment was carried in Pracinha, São Paulo State, Brazil, from August 2014 to May 2015, and a randomized block design was adopted, with five treatments and five replications. The treatments were constituted by rootstocks: Passiflora alata Dryand, Passiflora gibertii N.E. Brown, Passiflora caerulea Linnaeus, double grafting P. gibertii x P. edulis and plants without grafting. The stem diameter of rootstock and the graft, the lenght of secondary branches, the number of tertiary branches, the number of surviving plants, the longitudinal and transversal diameters of the fruits, the number and mass of fruits and the productivity were evaluated. The highest survival rates were observed in P. alata with 90% and P. gibertii with 100% survival. The highest number of fruits per plant and productivity occurred in plants grafted on P. gibertii. The adoption of double grafting using P. gibertii x P. edulis and simple grafting with P. caerulea were not effective in contgrolling this disease. The rootstocks P. alata proved to be the most vigorous material as a rootstock.O uso da enxertia em porta-enxertos tolerantes tem apresentado bons resultados no controle da murcha de Fusarium no maracujazeiro-amarelo, considerado um dos principais problemas na cultura, que afeta o sistema radicular da planta e não tem controle químico. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a sobrevivência, o desempenho agronômico de plantas e as características físicas de frutos de maracujazeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims) enxertadas em três porta-enxertos em área com histórico de murcha de Fusarium. O experimento foi conduzido no Sítio Bela Vista, localizado no município de Pracinha, SP, no período de agosto de 2014 a maio de 2015, e adotou-se o delineamento estatístico em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram os porta-enxertos: Passiflora alata Dryand, Passiflora gibertii N.E. Brown, Passiflora caerulea Linnaeus, enxertia dupla P.gibertii x P.edulis e plantas sem enxerto. Avaliou-se o diâmetro do caule do porta-enxerto e do enxerto, o comprimento de ramos secundários, o número de ramos terciários, o número de plantas sobreviventes, os diâmetros longitudinal e transversal dos frutos, o número e a massa de frutos e a produtividade. As maiores sobrevivências foram observadas em P. alata com 90% e P. gibertii com 100% de sobrevivência. O maior número de frutos por planta e produtividade ocorreram em plantas enxertadas sobre P. gibertii. A adoção da enxertia dupla utilizando-se P. gibertii x P. edulis e a enxertia simples com P. caerulea não se mostraram eficientes no controle desta doença. O P. alata mostrou-se o material mais vigoroso como porta-enxerto