Effects of short-term strength training on body composition, muscle strength and functional capacity of elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis

To examine the effects of short-term strength training (STST) on different manifestations of muscle strength in the lower limbs, functional capacity and body composition of people 65 years old or older. We searched the electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane) to identify all publications using STST (up to 12 weeks) in people aged 65 or older, published in the last five years, prior to May 2018. Results were analyzed as continuous data using random effects to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI). 28 studies with 921 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. These works were grouped into three categories for analysis: Muscular Strength, Functional Capacity and Body Composition. In Muscular Strength category, the overall pooled effect estimate was 0.95 (95%CI: 0.63; 1.26), with a significant STST effect (Z= 5.93; p<0.001), over the different strength manifestations analyzed. In Functional Capacity category, the STST decreased the Time Up-and-Go test run time (SMD: -1.01; 95%CI: -1.56; -0.47) and increased the repetitions’ number performed in 30-s chair-stand test (SMD: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.79, 1.34). In Body Composition category, the overall pooled effect estimate was 0.13 (95%CI: -0.16; 0.42), without finding a significant effect of STST (Z= 0.87; p= 0.38). STST has a moderate to large effect in improving the different manifestations of muscle strength and functional capacity. However, this type of intervention has no effect on body composition

A new cement slurry modified with chitosan/alginate interpenetrating networks and hydroxyapatite -- structural characteristics after long-term contact with hyper-saline produced water from oil well operations

Oil is an important source of energy, mainly in developing countries. Important research has been conductedto find cementing procedures that guarantee safe and cost-effective oil exploration below pre-salt layers. Thiswork aimed to make a new cement paste with cement, seawater, silica, biopolymers (chitosan and sodiumalginate) and hydroxyapatite (HA), found in nature. For comparison purposes, slurry without additives wasprepared and characterized. The HA used was extracted from fish scales (Cynoscion acoupa) in optimizedcondition NaOH concentration, temperature and reaction time. Both slurry were prepared with ratioswater/cement (w/c) and silica/cement (s/c) equal to 0.50 and 0.35, respectively. The new cement slurry wasobtained with proportions of 5% of each biopolymer and HA with respect to the total weight of the cement.In the immersion tests, specimens were immersed in samples of hyper production of saline water by 35°C for15 days. Thereafter, they were washed, dried and its surface layers were scraped. Before, the resultingmaterials were characterized. The values of the ratios Ca/Si of new cement slurry (3.38 À 0.06) were superiorcompared to standard (2.58 À 0.05). The new slurry had high thermal stability and low amounts of smallcrystallite-type portlandite (35.70 nm). Conversely, a slurry standard formed larger crystals of about 50.3 nm.Significantly, after continuous long-term contact of both slurries with hyper-saline produced water from oilwell fields operations, in comparison with standard slurry structural characteristics, the new slurry haspractically maintained its pristine chemical structure, as well as has shown crystallite-type particles of NaCland Friedel's/Kuzel's salts with lower proportion. The presence of the biopolymers and HA has driven theimproved the self-healing properties observed in the new cement slurry. In this first study, the new slurry hasshown adequate characteristics to contribute to cost effective and environmental-friendly oil well operations

Práticas Educomunicativas

Esta publicação pretende divulgar as práticas educomunicativas realizadas em diferentes regiões do país e que estão sendo implantadas por nossos associados. O e-book Práticas Educomunicativas, que visa oferecer um material de uso prático que possa servir de apoio pedagógico em diferentes contextos, escolar ou de ações junto a instituições, apresenta 20 artigos de profissionais e pesquisadores que implementam ações que inter-relacionam comunicação e educação no contexto da educação apontando as experiências e processos de educomunicação e valorizando desta forma, o trabalho realizado por cada educomunicador oferecendo, ao leitor, um material de uso prático que possa servir de apoio pedagógico em diferentes contextos

Chondroblastoma of the sphenoid bone

Introduction: Chondroblastoma is an uncommon cartilaginous benign neoplasm, highly destructive, which specifically appears in the epiphysis of long bones in young patients. Its occurrence is extremely rare in the cranial base, normally occurring in the temporal bone. Objective: To describe a rare case in a patient presenting with a sphenoid bone chondroblastoma that invaded the middle cranial cavity, submitted to a successful surgical resection, without recurrence after 2 years. Case Report: W.J.S, 37 years old, male, forwarded to the otorhinolaryngology service with persistent and strong otalgia for 3 months. He had normal otoscopy and without visible tumorations. The computerized tomography confirmed tumor mass in the left infra-temporal cavity, invading the middle cranial cavity. The biopsy suggested giant cells tumor. After wide resection by frontal approach via orbitozygomatic osteotomy. During the surgery, we confirmed tomographic statements and didn't find temporal bone involvement. The histopathological exam confirmed chondroblastoma. After 18 months after the surgery, he doesn't present with complaints, without motor, sensitive deficits or of cranial nerves and without recurrence tomographic signals. Conclusion: The importance of differential diagnosis of chondroblastoma is remarkable in the cranial base lesions and its therapeutic approach, whose objective must always be the major possible resection with the maximum function conservation

A comparative study between Ketorolac and Ketoprofen in postoperative pain after uvulop alatopharyngoplasty

SummaryPostoperative pain is a serious problem, requiring an appropriate response from the medical doctor. In otolaryngology special attention is needed after uvulopala topharyngoplasty (UP3). Aim: To compare the efficacy of postoperative analgesia using ketorolac and ketoprofen after UP3. Patients and Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was made of 24 patients that were divided into 2 groups (14 received ketorolac and 10 received ketoprofen). Pain intensity was based on an analog visual scale and the need for opioids (tramadol). Results: Of the 13 patients that received ketorolac, 3 (21%) required opioids; 7 of 10 (70%) patients in ketoprofen group used opioids. 12 hours after surgery, 71% of the patients that received ketorolac had mild or absence of pain. 70% of the ketoprofen users reported moderate to significant pain. 24 hours after surgery, 60% of the patients using ketoprofen reported moderate to significant pain, while 86% of the ketorolac users reported mild or absence of pain. Conclusion: We concluded that ketorolac is more effective compared to ketoprofen in the treatment of immediate postoperative pain after UP3, as patients using ketorolac had less pain and used opioids to a lesser degree

Metabolic Disturbance in PCOS: Clinical and Molecular Effects on Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex hormonal disorder affecting the reproductive and metabolic systems with signs and symptoms related to anovulation, infertility, menstrual irregularity and hirsutism. Skeletal muscle plays a vital role in the peripheral glucose uptake. Since PCOS is associated with defects in the activation and pancreatic dysfunction of β-cell insulin, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in PCOS. Studies of muscle tissue in patients with PCOS reveal defects in insulin signaling. Muscle biopsies performed during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp showed a significant reduction in glucose uptake, and insulin-mediated IRS-2 increased significantly in skeletal muscle. It is recognized that the etiology of insulin resistance in PCOS is likely to be as complicated as in type 2 diabetes and it has an important role in metabolic and reproductive phenotypes of this syndrome. Thus, further evidence regarding the effect of nonpharmacological approaches (e.g., physical exercise) in skeletal muscle of women with PCOS is required for a better therapeutic approach in the management of various metabolic and reproductive problems caused by this syndrome