Щодо змін в організації виробництва і праці: трудо-правовій аспект

У статті проаналізовано зміни в організації виробництва і праці як підстави розірвання трудового договору з ініціативи роботодавця. Висловлено думку, що ліквідація та реорганізація юридичної особи-роботодавця не є видами змін в організації виробництва і праці, а скорочення чисельності або штату працівників є наслідком цих змін. Ключові слова: трудовий договір; зміни в організації виробництва і праці, скорочення штату; звільнення; ліквідація підприємства.В статье анализируются изменения в организации производства и труда как основания расторжения трудового договора по инициативе работодателя. Высказывается мнение, что ликвидация и реорганизация юридического лица-работодателя не являются видами изменений в организации производства и труда, а сокращение численности или штата работников является следствием этих изменений. Ключевые слова: трудовой договор; изменение в организации производства и труда; сокращение штата; увольнение; ликвидация предприятия.The author has analyzed variations in the organization of manufacture and work as the basis of dissolution of contract labour on the initiative of the employer. The liquidation and reorganization of the legal person-employer are not types of variations in the organization of manufacture and work, and reduction of number of workers or reduction of staff positions are results from these variations, has been offered as the opinion. Key words: contract labour; change in the organization of production and labor; staff reduction; firing; liquidation of the enterprise

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Traumatic stress, depression, and non-bereavement grief following non-fatal traffic accidents:Symptom patterns and correlates

Non-fatal traffic accidents may give rise to mental health problems, including posttraumatic stress (PTS) and depression. Clinical evidence suggests that victims may also experience grief reactions associated with the sudden changes and losses caused by such accidents. The aim of this study was to examine whether there are unique patterns of symptoms of PTS, depression, and grief among victims of non-fatal traffic accidents. We also investigated associations of emerging symptom patterns with sociodemographic variables and characteristics of the accident, and with transdiagnostic variables, including self-efficacy, difficulties in emotion regulation, and trauma rumination. Participants (N = 328, M(age) = 32.6, SD(age) = 17.5 years, 66% female) completed self-report measures tapping the study variables. Using latent class analysis (including symptoms of PTS, depression, and grief), three classes were identified: a no symptoms class (Class 1; 59.1%), a moderate PTS and grief class (Class 2; 23.1%), and a severe symptoms class (Class 3; 17.7%). Summed symptom scores and functional impairment were lowest in Class 1, higher in Class 2, and highest in Class 3. Psychological variables were similarly ordered with the healthiest scores in Class 1, poorer scores in Class 2, and the worst scores in Class 3. Different sociodemographic and accident related variables differentiated between classes, including age, education, and time since the accident. In a regression including all significant univariate predictors, trauma rumination differentiated Class 2 from Class 1, all three psychological variables differentiated Class 3 from Class 1, and difficulties with emotion regulation and trauma rumination differentiated Class 3 from Class 2. This study demonstrates that most people respond resiliently to non-fatal traffic accident. Yet, approximately one in three victims experiences moderate to severe mental health symptoms. Increasing PTS coincided with similarly increasing grief, indicating that grief may be considered in interventions for victims of traffic accidents. Trauma rumination strongly predicted class membership and appears a critical treatment target to alleviate distress

Associations of Dimensions of Anger With Distress Following Traumatic Bereavement

Objective: A prior study with people exposed to a traumatic event indicated that posttraumatic anger is a multidimensional construct that consists of five factors comprising anger at (a) the criminal justice system, (b) other people, (c) the self, and (d) a perpetrator and (e) a desire for revenge. Preliminary evidence shows that anger at the self and perpetrators is related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Expanding the focus from trauma victims to people exposed to a traumatic loss of a significant other, for example, due to road traffic accidents, may enhance our knowledge on factors that are amenable to change in the treatment of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and PTSD. Method: We examined the (a) factor structure of the 20-item Posttraumatic Anger Questionnaire in 209 Dutch people bereaved by road traffic accidents using confirmatory factor analysis and (b) associations between the posttraumatic anger factors and PGD and PTSD using structural equation models. Results: The expected five-factor structure of the Posttraumatic Anger Questionnaire was supported. Anger at the self was related to greater PGD (β =.35) and PTSD (β=.50) symptoms over and above known risk factors of distress. A desire for revenge (β =.20) was uniquely and positively associated with PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: Pending replication of our findings in longitudinal studies, we conclude that anger subtypes relate differently to distress after traumatic loss.</p

Associations of Dimensions of Anger With Distress Following Traumatic Bereavement

Objective: A prior study with people exposed to a traumatic event indicated that posttraumatic anger is a multidimensional construct that consists of five factors comprising anger at (a) the criminal justice system, (b) other people, (c) the self, and (d) a perpetrator and (e) a desire for revenge. Preliminary evidence shows that anger at the self and perpetrators is related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Expanding the focus from trauma victims to people exposed to a traumatic loss of a significant other, for example, due to road traffic accidents, may enhance our knowledge on factors that are amenable to change in the treatment of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and PTSD. Method: We examined the (a) factor structure of the 20-item Posttraumatic Anger Questionnaire in 209 Dutch people bereaved by road traffic accidents using confirmatory factor analysis and (b) associations between the posttraumatic anger factors and PGD and PTSD using structural equation models. Results: The expected five-factor structure of the Posttraumatic Anger Questionnaire was supported. Anger at the self was related to greater PGD (β =.35) and PTSD (β=.50) symptoms over and above known risk factors of distress. A desire for revenge (β =.20) was uniquely and positively associated with PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: Pending replication of our findings in longitudinal studies, we conclude that anger subtypes relate differently to distress after traumatic loss.</p

Associations of Dimensions of Anger With Distress Following Traumatic Bereavement

Objective: A prior study with people exposed to a traumatic event indicated that posttraumatic anger is a multidimensional construct that consists of five factors comprising anger at (a) the criminal justice system, (b) other people, (c) the self, and (d) a perpetrator and (e) a desire for revenge. Preliminary evidence shows that anger at the self and perpetrators is related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Expanding the focus from trauma victims to people exposed to a traumatic loss of a significant other, for example, due to road traffic accidents, may enhance our knowledge on factors that are amenable to change in the treatment of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and PTSD. Method: We examined the (a) factor structure of the 20-item Posttraumatic Anger Questionnaire in 209 Dutch people bereaved by road traffic accidents using confirmatory factor analysis and (b) associations between the posttraumatic anger factors and PGD and PTSD using structural equation models. Results: The expected five-factor structure of the Posttraumatic Anger Questionnaire was supported. Anger at the self was related to greater PGD (β =.35) and PTSD (β=.50) symptoms over and above known risk factors of distress. A desire for revenge (β =.20) was uniquely and positively associated with PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: Pending replication of our findings in longitudinal studies, we conclude that anger subtypes relate differently to distress after traumatic loss.</p

Associations of Dimensions of Anger With Distress Following Traumatic Bereavement

Objective: A prior study with people exposed to a traumatic event indicated that posttraumatic anger is a multidimensional construct that consists of five factors comprising anger at (a) the criminal justice system, (b) other people, (c) the self, and (d) a perpetrator and (e) a desire for revenge. Preliminary evidence shows that anger at the self and perpetrators is related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Expanding the focus from trauma victims to people exposed to a traumatic loss of a significant other, for example, due to road traffic accidents, may enhance our knowledge on factors that are amenable to change in the treatment of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and PTSD. Method: We examined the (a) factor structure of the 20-item Posttraumatic Anger Questionnaire in 209 Dutch people bereaved by road traffic accidents using confirmatory factor analysis and (b) associations between the posttraumatic anger factors and PGD and PTSD using structural equation models. Results: The expected five-factor structure of the Posttraumatic Anger Questionnaire was supported. Anger at the self was related to greater PGD (β =.35) and PTSD (β=.50) symptoms over and above known risk factors of distress. A desire for revenge (β =.20) was uniquely and positively associated with PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: Pending replication of our findings in longitudinal studies, we conclude that anger subtypes relate differently to distress after traumatic loss.</p

Associations of Dimensions of Anger With Distress Following Traumatic Bereavement

Objective: A prior study with people exposed to a traumatic event indicated that posttraumatic anger is a multidimensional construct that consists of five factors comprising anger at (a) the criminal justice system, (b) other people, (c) the self, and (d) a perpetrator and (e) a desire for revenge. Preliminary evidence shows that anger at the self and perpetrators is related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Expanding the focus from trauma victims to people exposed to a traumatic loss of a significant other, for example, due to road traffic accidents, may enhance our knowledge on factors that are amenable to change in the treatment of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and PTSD. Method: We examined the (a) factor structure of the 20-item Posttraumatic Anger Questionnaire in 209 Dutch people bereaved by road traffic accidents using confirmatory factor analysis and (b) associations between the posttraumatic anger factors and PGD and PTSD using structural equation models. Results: The expected five-factor structure of the Posttraumatic Anger Questionnaire was supported. Anger at the self was related to greater PGD (β =.35) and PTSD (β=.50) symptoms over and above known risk factors of distress. A desire for revenge (β =.20) was uniquely and positively associated with PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: Pending replication of our findings in longitudinal studies, we conclude that anger subtypes relate differently to distress after traumatic loss.</p

Reciprocal Associations Among Symptom Levels of Disturbed Grief, Posttraumatic Stress, and Depression Following Traumatic Loss:A Four-Wave Cross-Lagged Study

Objective Disturbed grief, operationalized as persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD), correlates with, yet differs from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms. However, knowledge about temporal associations between these symptoms is limited. We aimed to enhance our understanding of the aetiology of loss-related distress by examining temporal associations between PCBD, PTSD, and depression symptom levels. Methods Dutch people (N=172) who lost significant other(s) in a plane disaster completed questionnaires for PCBD, PTSD, and depression 11, 22, 31, and 42 months post-disaster. Results Cross-lagged analyses revealed that changes in PCBD symptom levels have a greater impact on changes in symptom levels of PTSD and depression than vice versa. Conclusion Our findings contradict the notion that PTSD and depression symptoms should be addressed before grief in treatment. Pending replication of our findings in clinical samples, we tentatively conclude that screening and treatment of grief symptoms has potential value in preventing long-lasting distress

Возможностим развития конкуренции на рынках теплоснабжения Донбасса

Проаналізовано стан ситем теплопостачання Донбасу, виявлено зниження виробництва та відпуску теплової енергії, що викликано появою конкурента — автономного опалення. Обгрунтовано причини протиріччя законодавства, що регулює діяльність у сфері комунального теплопостачання — природної монополії, в результаті чого порушені конституційні, цивільні, споживчі права людей. Розглянуто практику регулювання ринків теплопостачання в країнах з розвиненою ринковою економікою, і можливості застосування їх досвіду в Україні. Визначено роль держави, як найважливішого регулятора, який здійснює контроль за ринком теплопостачання, і є влавником стратегічно важливих підприємств сектора. Ключові слова: централізоване теплопостачання, природна монополія, автономне опалення, конкуренція, приватний капітал, державне регулювання.Проанализировано состояние ситем теплоснабжения Донбасса, выявлено снижение производства и отпуска тепловой энергии, что вызвано появлением конкурента — автономного отопления. Обоснованы причины протеворечивости законодательства регулирующего деятельность в сфере коммунального теплоснабжения — естественной монополии, в результате чего нарушены конституционные, гражданские, потребительские права людей. Рассмотрена практика регулирования рынков теплоснабжения в странах с развитой рыночной экономикой, и возможности применения их опыта в Украине. Определена роль государства, как важнейшего регулятора, осуществляющего контроль за рынком теплоснабжения, и собственика стратегически важных предприятий сектора. Ключевые слова: централизованное теплоснабжение, естественная монополия, автономное отопление, конкуренция, частный капитал, государственное регулирование.The state of Donbass Heating System Works, showed a reduction in production and supply of heat energy that is caused by the emergence of competitors — independent heating. Substantiated reasons imperfect legislation governing activities in the field of district heating — natural monopoly, resulting in a violation of the constitutional, civil, consumer rights of people. The practical management of district heating markets in countries with developed market economies, and the possibility of applying their experience in Ukraine. Defined the place of government as an important regulator, controlling the heating market, and the owners of strategically important enterprises in the sector. Key words: district heating, natural monopoly, independent heating, competition, private capital, government regulation