Model fit indices for the BSCS-SP in the invariance analysis across gender and age groups.

Model fit indices for the BSCS-SP in the invariance analysis across gender and age groups.</p

Confirmatory factor analysis modeling the BSCS-SP as two-dimensional (Model G).

Note: All factor loadings were significant at p < .001. I = item; (R) = reversed item.</p

Model fit indices for the BSCS-SP.

The Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) is a 13-item personality measure capturing how people differ in their capacity to exert self-control. Although the BSCS was originally regarded as a one-dimensional scale, subsequent psychometric studies have provided support for the empirical distinction of two and four interrelated but distinct components of self-control. Using a large sample of Spanish adults (n = 1,558; 914 female, 58.7%), we performed a comprehensive data-driven comparison of the most well-established item-level latent structures for the BSCS. Results showed that the differentiation between general self-discipline and impulse control offered a better fit to the observed data than did the unidimensional representation of self-control. This two-dimensional structure for the BSCS scores was also supported in terms of its internal consistency, measurement invariance across gender and age groups, and meaningful correlations with wellbeing-related indicators and Big Five personality traits. Plausible implications of these findings are discussed.</div

Item-level descriptive statistics for the BSCS-SP.

Item-level descriptive statistics for the BSCS-SP.</p

Correlations between BSCS-SP scores and external measures for all the BSCS structures.

Correlations between BSCS-SP scores and external measures for all the BSCS structures.</p

Domain-level descriptive statistics and internal consistency of BSCS-SP scores and external measures.

Domain-level descriptive statistics and internal consistency of BSCS-SP scores and external measures.</p

Item factor loadings across all models of the BSCS-SP.

Item factor loadings across all models of the BSCS-SP.</p

Correlations between BSCS-SP scores and external measures for males and females.

Correlations between BSCS-SP scores and external measures for males and females.</p

Regression analysis predicting life satisfaction and subjective happiness by sociodemographic variables and BSCS-SP subscales.

Regression analysis predicting life satisfaction and subjective happiness by sociodemographic variables and BSCS-SP subscales.</p

The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its Structure and Measurement Invariance Across 48 Countries

COVID-19 has been a source of fear around the world. We asked whether the measurement of this fear is trust worthy and comparable across countries. In particular, we explored the measurement invariance and cross-cultural replicability of the widely-used Fear of COVID-19scale(FCV-19S), testing community samples from 48countries (N= 14,558). The findings indicate that the FCV-19Shas a somewhat problematic structure, yet the one-factor solution is replicable across cultural contexts and could be used in studies that compare people who vary on gender and educational level. The validity of the scale is supported by a consistent pattern of positive correlations with perceived stress and general anxiety. However, given the unclear structure of the FCV-19S, we recommend using latent factor scores, instead of raw scores, especially in cross-cultural comparisons