On the Dynamics of Dengue Virus type 2 with Residence Times and Vertical Transmission

A two-patch mathematical model of Dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) that accounts for vectors' vertical transmission and between patches human dispersal is introduced. Dispersal is modeled via a Lagrangian approach. A host-patch residence-times basic reproduction number is derived and conditions under which the disease dies out or persists are established. Analytical and numerical results highlight the role of hosts' dispersal in mitigating or exacerbating disease dynamics. The framework is used to explore dengue dynamics using, as a starting point, the 2002 outbreak in the state of Colima, Mexico

Plasmablastic Lymphoma: A Systematic Review

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a very aggressive variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma initially described in the oral cavity of HIV-infected individuals. PBL represents a diagnostic challenge given its characteristic morphology and lack of CD20 expression, and also a therapeutic challenge, with early responses to therapy, but with high relapse rates and poor prognosis. In recent years, our understanding and clinical experience with PBL has increased in both HIV-positive and -negative settings. However, given its rarity, most of the data available rely on case reports and case series. The main goal of this article is to systematically review the most recent advances in epidemiology; pathophysiology; clinical, pathologic, and molecular characteristics; therapy; and prognosis in patients with PBL. Specific covered topics include new pathological markers for diagnosis, its association with Epstein-Barr virus, and the need of more intensive therapies

Recent Progress in the Development of Composite Membranes Based on Polybenzimidazole for High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Applications

[EN] The rapid increasing of the population in combination with the emergence of new energy-consuming technologies has risen worldwide total energy consumption towards unprecedent values. Furthermore, fossil fuel reserves are running out very quickly and the polluting greenhouse gases emitted during their utilization need to be reduced. In this scenario, a few alternative energy sources have been proposed and, among these, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are promising. Recently, polybenzimidazole-based polymers, featuring high chemical and thermal stability, in combination with fillers that can regulate the proton mobility, have attracted tremendous attention for their roles as PEMs in fuel cells. Recent advances in composite membranes based on polybenzimidazole (PBI) for high temperature PEM fuel cell applications are summarized and highlighted in this review. In addition, the challenges, future trends, and prospects of composite membranes based on PBI for solid electrolytes are also discussed.The authors acknowledge the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) for the financial support under the project ENE/2015-69203-R.Escorihuela, J.; Olvera-Mancilla, J.; Alexandrova, L.; Del Castillo, LF.; Compañ Moreno, V. (2020). Recent Progress in the Development of Composite Membranes Based on Polybenzimidazole for High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Applications. Polymers. 12(9):1-41. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12091861S141129Kraytsberg, A., & Ein-Eli, Y. (2014). Review of Advanced Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Energy & Fuels, 28(12), 7303-7330. doi:10.1021/ef501977kLi, Q., Jensen, J. O., Savinell, R. F., & Bjerrum, N. J. (2009). High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells. 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Tackling Ischemic Reperfusion Injury With the Aid of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering

Ischemia is a severe condition in which blood supply, including oxygen (O), to organs and tissues is interrupted and reduced. This is usually due to a clog or blockage in the arteries that feed the affected organ. Reinstatement of blood flow is essential to salvage ischemic tissues, restoring O, and nutrient supply. However, reperfusion itself may lead to major adverse consequences. Ischemia-reperfusion injury is often prompted by the local and systemic inflammatory reaction, as well as oxidative stress, and contributes to organ and tissue damage. In addition, the duration and consecutive ischemia-reperfusion cycles are related to the severity of the damage and could lead to chronic wounds. Clinical pathophysiological conditions associated with reperfusion events, including stroke, myocardial infarction, wounds, lung, renal, liver, and intestinal damage or failure, are concomitant in due process with a disability, morbidity, and mortality. Consequently, preventive or palliative therapies for this injury are in demand. Tissue engineering offers a promising toolset to tackle ischemia-reperfusion injuries. It devises tissue-mimetics by using the following: (1) the unique therapeutic features of stem cells, i.e., self-renewal, differentiability, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressants effects; (2) growth factors to drive cell growth, and development; (3) functional biomaterials, to provide defined microarchitecture for cell-cell interactions; (4) bioprocess design tools to emulate the macroscopic environment that interacts with tissues. This strategy allows the production of cell therapeutics capable of addressing ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). In addition, it allows the development of physiological-tissue-mimetics to study this condition or to assess the effect of drugs. Thus, it provides a sound platform for a better understanding of the reperfusion condition. This review article presents a synopsis and discusses tissue engineering applications available to treat various types of ischemia-reperfusions, ultimately aiming to highlight possible therapies and to bring closer the gap between preclinical and clinical settings

Liturgusa maya, Saussure & Zehntner, 1894 (Mantodea-Liturgusidae), una especie de mantis frecuente en cultivos de cacao en la región Tumbes, Perú

Liturgusa maya es una especie criptica que se desplaza sobre tallos de cacao y cítricos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar algunos aspectos de su biología y comportamiento e identificar parasitoides de ootecas. Se colectaron ninfas y adultos en los tallos de cacao para obtener ootecas y determinar el periodo de incubación y el número de individuos por ooteca, igualmente se colectaron ootecas para determinar la presencia de parasitoides. La incubación fluctúa entre 15 y 17 días y los individuos por ooteca entre 23 y 37. El estado adulto hembra mide en promedio 25,30 mm de longitud y el macho 20,38. De las ootecas colectadas en campo se recuperaron tres especies de parasitoides: Podagrion sp., Eupelmus sp., y Horismenus sp., pertenecientes a las familias Torymidae, Eupelmidae y Eulophidae, la especie más importante pertenece al género Horismenus.  Con el presente estudio se busca establecer las interacciones que L. maya cumple en el agroecosistema de cacao y definir si su presencia guarda relación en el manejo de cultivos orgánicos

The occurrence of hyponatremia and its importance as a prognostic factor in a cross-section of cancer patients

BACKGROUND: Hyponatremia is prognostic of higher mortality in some cancers but has not been well studied in others. We used a longitudinal design to determine the incidence and prognostic importance of euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia in patients following diagnosis with lymphoma, breast (BC), colorectal (CRC), small cell lung (SCLC), or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Medical record and tumor registry data from two large integrated delivery networks were combined for patients diagnosed with lymphoma, BC, CRC, or lung cancers (2002-2010) who had ≥1 administration of radiation/chemotherapy within 6 months of diagnosis and no evidence of hypovolemic hyponatremia. Hyponatremia incidence was measured per 1000 person-years (PY). Cox proportional hazard models assessed the prognostic value of hyponatremia as a time-varying covariate on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Hyponatremia incidence (%, rate) was 76 % each, 1193 and 2311 per 1000 PY, among NSCLC and SCLC patients, respectively; 37 %, 169 in BC; 64 %, 637 in CRC, and 60 %, 395 in lymphoma. Hyponatremia was negatively associated with OS in BC (HR 3.7; P = \u3c.01), CRC (HR 2.4; P \u3c .01), lung cancer (HR 2.4; P \u3c .01), and lymphoma (HR 4.5; P \u3c .01). Hyponatremia was marginally associated with shorter PFS (HR 1.3, P = .07) across cancer types. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of hyponatremia is higher than previously reported in lung cancer, is high in lymphoma, BC, and CRC and is a negative prognostic indicator for survival. Hyponatremia incidence in malignancy may be underestimated. The effects of hyponatremia correction on survival in cancer patients require further study

La urolitiasis y opciones de tratamiento en un país de latinoamérica

Letter to the Editor (without abstract)Carta al Editor (sin resumen