La Economía Política del Proceso Presupuestario: El caso peruano

Este estudio presenta el caso del Perú. El documento brinda una descripción de los actores principales involucrados en el proceso presupuestario y de sus interacciones. Describe los principales determinantes políticos y económicos del desempeño fiscal y considera el impacto de los arreglos políticos e institucionales que gobiernan el funcionamiento del proceso presupuestario en sus diferentes etapas.

Tratado de Libre Comercio con los Estados Unidos: una oportunidad para crecer sostenidamente

Falta poco para finalizar el año 2005 y el gobierno peruano se encuentra frente a una de las decisiones de política comercial más relevantes en los últimos diez años: la firma de un tratado de libre comercio (TLC) con los Estados Unidos. La posibilidad de que este tratado se vuelva realidad ha despertado el entusiasmo y la esperanza de muchos pero, a la vez, también temores y voces airadas de otros que reclaman por lo injusto e inconveniente que podría resultar para los peruanos. Los objetivos de este libro son: recoger por qué el Perú debería apostar a ser parte cada vez más activa del proceso de globalización, a partir de la apertura de su economía al comercio internacional; y por qué el TLC con los Estados Unidos puede ser un mecanismo de importancia para alcanzar este fin

Design and implementation of an ultrasonic sensor for rapid monitoring of industrial malolactic fermentation of wines

Ultrasound is an emerging technology that can be applied to monitor food processes. However, ultrasonic techniques are usually limited to research activities within a laboratory environment and they are not extensively used in industrial processes. The aim of this paper is to describe a novel ultrasonic sensor designed to monitor physical–chemical changes that occur in wines stored in industrial tanks. Essentially, the sensor consists of an ultrasonic transducer in contact with a buffer rod, mounted inside a stainless steel tube section. This structure allows the ultrasonic sensor to be directly installed in stainless steel tanks of an industrial plant. The operating principle of this design is based on the measurement of ultrasonic velocity of propagation. To test its proper operation, the sensor has been used to measure changes of concentration in aqueous samples and to monitor the progress of a malolactic fermentation of red wines in various commercial wineries. Results show the feasibility of using this sensor for monitoring malolactic fermentations in red wines placed in industrial tanks.Postprint (author's final draft

Quantum multifractality as a probe of phase space in the Dicke model

We study the multifractal behavior of coherent states projected in the energy eigenbasis of the spin-boson Dicke Hamiltonian, a paradigmatic model describing the collective interaction between a single bosonic mode and a set of two-level systems. By examining the linear approximation and parabolic correction to the mass exponents, we find ergodic and multifractal coherent states and show that they reflect details of the structure of the classical phase space, including chaos, regularity, and features of localization. The analysis of multifractality stands as a sensitive tool to detect changes and structures in phase space, complementary to classical tools to investigate it. We also address the difficulties involved in the multifractal analyses of systems with unbounded Hilbert spacesComment: 14 pages, 7 figure

Epidemiological profile of deaths after the 2010 earthquake in Chile

Indexación: Web of Science; ScieloBackground: On February 27, 2010 a powerful earthquake followed by a tsunami stroke Chile. The study of mortality during this emergency can provide important public health information. Aim: To describe the main characteristics of people who died during the earthquake and the following three months. Material and Methods: Cross sectional analysis of death records databases obtained from Department of Health Statistics and Information of the Ministry of Health and the Coroner office. Results: Until May 25,2010, 505 corpses were completely identified. Seventy two of these corresponded to people aged 80 years or more. The higher age adjusted death rates per 100,000 inhabitants were observed among subjects aged more than 80 years and those aged 70 to 79 years (22.6 and 7.7 respectively). The higher rates of deaths were observed in regions where the earthquake had a higher intensity and coastal regions affected by the tsunami. The causes of death were trauma in 75% of cases and drowning in 25%. There was no association between the Mercalli scale of earthquake intensity and rates of death. Among deceased subjects, there was a concentration of unemployed, under educated and low socioeconomic status subjects. Conclusions: After the earthquake, the higher rates of deaths occurred among older people and in the region of the epicenter of the earthquake. Most deaths were due to trauma.http://ref.scielo.org/gmq43

Temperature compensation of ultrasonic velocity during the malolactic fermentation process

Ultrasonic properties of materials present a strong dependence on temperature and in turn the ultrasonic velocity of propagation in the material under test. It is precisely for this reason that most ultrasonic measurements are often carried out with thermostated samples by using either water tanks or climate chambers. This approach is viable in a laboratory and when the measured or characterized samples are relatively small. However, this procedure is highly improbable to be applied when in situ measurements in industrial environments must be performed. This goes for the case of, for example, ultrasonic velocity measurements in wine while it is performing malolactic fermentation inside a tank of hundreds of thousands of litres. In this paper two different practical approaches to temperature compensation are studied. Then, the two temperature compensation methods are applied to the measured ultrasonic velocity values along a whole malolactic fermentation process. The results of each method are discussed.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Driving superconducting qubits into chaos

Kerr parametric oscillators are potential building blocks for fault-tolerant quantum computers. They can stabilize Kerr-cat qubits, which offer advantages towards the encoding and manipulation of error-protected quantum information. Kerr-cat qubits have been recently realized with the SNAIL transmon superconducting circuit by combining nonlinearities and a squeezing drive. These superconducting qubits can lead to fast gate times due to their access to large anharmonicities. However, we show that when the nonlinearities are large and the drive strong, chaos sets in and melts the qubit away. We provide an equation for the border between regularity and chaos and determine the regime of validity of the Kerr-cat qubit, beyond which it disintegrates. This is done through the quantum analysis of the quasienergies and Floquet states of the driven system, and is complemented with classical tools that include Poincar\'e sections and Lyapunov exponents. By identifying the danger zone for parametric quantum computation, we uncover another application for driven superconducting circuits, that of devices to investigate quantum chaos.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

ASIC implementation of an ARM - based system on chip

This paper presents the hardware architecture of a System on Chip (SoC) implemented in an ASIC. It has been designed for a wide range of applications and will be used in a power line modem. A set of reusable cells based on AMBA standard has been also designed, included memory, interrupt controller and peripherals. Presented architecture implements an ARM© processor, a 32-bit RISC processor which is becoming a RISC standard