Vaccination coverage among children aged 13 to 59 months in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2002 La cobertura de la vacunación en niños de 13 a 59 meses de edad en Buenos Aires, Argentina, en 2002

OBJECTIVES: To estimate antigen-specific and series-complete vaccination coverage among children aged 13 to 59 months in Buenos Aires; to compare the results of a community-based household survey with coverage rates obtained from administrative records; and to identify risk factors for incomplete vaccination. METHODS: Census tracts in Buenos Aires were surveyed systematically in March and April, 2002. Three children aged 13 to 24 months and 25 to 59 months were surveyed per block in each census tract. Written documentation of vaccination was required. Risk factors associated with incomplete vaccination were identified with univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 1391 children were surveyed. Antigen-specific coverage ranged from 69.4% (95% CI 66.7%-72%) for Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination to 99% (95% CI 98.4%-99.6%) for BCG vaccination. Except for measles, coverage estimates found in the survey did not differ substantially from those obtained from city health authority records. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed child's age (P <0.001) and vaccination provider (public or private) (P= 0.001) to be risk factors associated with incomplete vaccination. Not being the first child (P <0.001) was associated with incomplete coverage under the long-standing program. Living in the Northern zone of the city (P= 0.001), being uninsured (P= 0.02), and lower educational level of the primary caregiver (P= 0.04) were risk factors associated with incomplete coverage under the current vaccination program. CONCLUSIONS: Although coverage rates for some vaccines were high, complete vaccination coverage remains low among children aged 13 to 59 months in Buenos Aires. Increasing coverage will require better access to vaccination, particularly in sections of the community with risk factors.<br>OBJETIVOS: Calcular la cobertura con el régimen de vacunación completo y con vacunas contra antígenos particulares en niños de 13 a 59 meses de edad en Buenos Aires; comparar los resultados de una encuesta comunitaria a domicilio con los porcentajes de cobertura indicados en los registros públicos; e identificar los factores que ponen a los niños en riesgo de no recibir todas las dosis de vacunas recomendadas bajo el régimen oficial. MÉTODOS: Se encuestaron sistemáticamente los corredores censales en Buenos Aires en marzo y abril de 2002. En cada cuadra de cada corredor censal se encuestó a tres niños entre las edades de 13 a 24 meses y de 25 a 29 meses. Se solicitaba ver una constancia de vacunación escrita. Se identificaron factores de riesgo asociados con la falta de vacunación completa mediante un análisis unifactorial y regresión logística multifactorial. RESULTADOS: Se encuestó a un total de 1 391 niños. La cobertura con vacunas contra antígenos particulares varió de 69,4% (IC95%: 66,7%-72%) en el caso de la vacuna contra Haemophilus influenzae tipo B a 99% (IC95%: 98,4%-99,6%) en el caso de la vacuna BCG. Exceptuando la vacuna contra el sarampión, las coberturas estimadas mediante la encuesta prácticamente no difirieron de las obtenidas de los registros sanitarios públicos. El análisis de regresión logística multifactorial reveló que la edad del niño (P < 0,001) y el proveedor de la vacuna (público o privado) (P = 0,001) eran factores de riesgo asociados con la vacunación incompleta. No ser el primer hijo (P < 0,001) se asoció con un régimen de vacunas incompleto en el contexto del programa de vacunación habitual. Ser residente de la zona norte de la ciudad (P = 0,001), no tener seguro (P = 0,02) y la baja escolaridad del principal guardián del niño (P = 0,04) fueron factores de riesgo asociados con la administración incompleta del régimen de vacunación bajo el programa de vacunación vigente. CONCLUSIÓN: A pesar de que los porcentajes de cobertura con algunas vacunas son altos, sigue siendo baja la frecuencia de la vacunación con el régimen completo en niños de 13 a 59 meses de edad en Buenos Aires. Para poder mejorar esta cobertura tendrá que haber mayor acceso a las vacunas, especialmente en los sectores de la comunidad que están expuestos a los factores de riesgo

Vaccination coverage among children aged 13 to 59 months in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2002

OBJECTIVES: To estimate antigen-specific and series-complete vaccination coverage among children aged 13 to 59 months in Buenos Aires; to compare the results of a community-based household survey with coverage rates obtained from administrative records; and to identify risk factors for incomplete vaccination. METHODS: Census tracts in Buenos Aires were surveyed systematically in March and April, 2002. Three children aged 13 to 24 months and 25 to 59 months were surveyed per block in each census tract. Written documentation of vaccination was required. Risk factors associated with incomplete vaccination were identified with univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 1391 children were surveyed. Antigen-specific coverage ranged from 69.4% (95% CI 66.7%-72%) for Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination to 99% (95% CI 98.4%-99.6%) for BCG vaccination. Except for measles, coverage estimates found in the survey did not differ substantially from those obtained from city health authority records. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed child\u27s age (P &lt; 0.001) and vaccination provider (public or private) (P = 0.001) to be risk factors associated with incomplete vaccination. Not being the first child (P &lt; 0.001) was associated with incomplete coverage under the long-standing program. Living in the Northern zone of the city (P = 0.001), being uninsured (P = 0.02), and lower educational level of the primary caregiver (P = 0.04) were risk factors associated with incomplete coverage under the current vaccination program. CONCLUSIONS: Although coverage rates for some vaccines were high, complete vaccination coverage remains low among children aged 13 to 59 months in Buenos Aires. Increasing coverage will require better access to vaccination, particularly in sections of the community with risk factors

A formação profissional frente aos desafios da intervenção e das atuais configurações do ensino público, privado e a distância The professional background facing the challenges of both intervention and configurations of public, private and distance education

A crise atual do capital, com suas novas e antigas determinações, impõe metamorfoses ao mundo do trabalho, o que exige um perfil de profissional funcional a essa etapa do capitalismo. Parto da hipótese de que as atuais configurações do ensino respondem às exigências da atual fase do capitalismo e se orienta pelas demandas do mercado de trabalho. Nesta direção, a formação profissional tem um duplo desafio: desvelar e enfrentar a crise do capital e nela as diversas formas de precarização das relações e condições de trabalho, flexibilização dos direitos e focalização das políticas sociais, que, como parte da mesma racionalidade, se expressam e condicionam exercício e formação profissionais.<br>The current crisis of the capital, together with its new and old determinations, demands metamorphoses from the world of work, which requires a professional profile that serves to this phase of capitalism. My hypothesis is that the current configurations of education are adequate to the demands of the present phase of capitalism, and that such education is guided by the requirements of the labor market. So, the professional background has a double challenge: to unveil and to face the crisis of the capital, as well as the several ways making the working relations and conditions precarious, the flexibility of rights and the emphasis of the social policies that, as a part of the same reasoning, express and influence the professional activity and background