Hydrophobic effect of the macromolecules on partitioning of the cyanocomplexes in aqueous two phase systems

Dados de equilíbrio de fase de sistemas aquosos bifásicos (SAB s) formados pela mistura de copolímero tribloco, fosfato de potássio (pH=7) e água foram determinados neste trabalho em três temperaturas 10°C, 25°C e 40°C e com dois tipos de copolímeros L35 (1900g.mol-1) e F68 (8400g.mol-1). Copolímero tribloco é uma macromolécula do tipo PEO-PPO-PEO onde PEO e PPO são de poli(óxido etileno) e de poli(óxido propileno), respectivamente. Seis SAB s foram obtidos através do método de quantificação de fases. O efeito da temperatura no diagrama de fase para ambos os copolímeros L35 e F68 não foi significante. A não influência da massa molar sobre os diagramas de fase pode ser explicada por efeitos associados a hidrofobicidade dos copolímeros. O comportamento de partição dos ânions [Fe(CN)5(NO)]-2 e Fe(CN)6]-3 foram estudados em SAB s formados por copolímeros triblocos e em SAB s formados por PEO.. Os coeficientes de partição para os ambos os ânions foram investigados em função da temperatura, comprimento da linha de amarração (TLL), hidrofobicidade das macromoléculas e da presença ou ausência do grupo NO nos complexos. Um forte efeito de temperatura foi observado para a partição dos complexos. Ao aumentar a temperatura nos sistemas L35, F68 e PEO, o coeficientes de partição dos ânions [Fe(CN)5(NO)]-2 e [Fe(CN)6]-3 diminuíram, indicando um processo exotérmico de transferência. A ordem relativa do coeficiente de partição é L35 <F68 <PEO para ambos os ânions. Entretanto, o ânion [Fe(CN)5(NO)]-2 tem coeficientes de partição maiores do que o ânion Fe(CN)6]-3 em todos SAB s estudados. A banda de estiramento NO foi muito sensível a presença de polímero indicando que o grupo NO tem um forte efeito sobre a partição do ânion [Fe(CN)5(NO)]-2. Os parâmetros termodinâmicos obtidos para a não linear equação de Van t Hoff e medidas de calorimetria mostram que o processo de transferência dos ânions para a fase superior em todos os SAB s estudados é regido pela entalpia.Phase equilibrium of aqueous two phase systems (ATPS) formed by mixture of triblock copolymer, potassium phosphate (pH=7) and water was prepared in this work in three temperatures 10°C, 25°C and 40°C and with two different copolymer (L35 of 1900g.mol-1 and F68 8400g.mol-1). Triblock copolymer is a macromolecule of the type PEO-PPO-PEO, where PEO and PPO are poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide), respectively. Six ATPS was obtained by phase quantification methods. The effect temperature on the phase diagrams for both L35 and F68 copolymers was not significant. The not influence of the molar mass upon the behavior of the phase diagram for both macromolecules was compensated by effects associated to the hydrophobicity of the copolymers. The partitioning behavior of the [Fe(CN)5(NO)]-2 and [Fe(CN)6]-3 anions was studied in theses ATPS formed by triblock copolymers and in ATPS formed by PEO. The partition coefficients for the both anions were investigated in function of the temperature, tie line length (TLL), hydrophobicity of the macromolecules and a presence or absence of the group NO in the complexes. A strong temperature effect was observed in the complexes partitioning. Upon increasing the temperature in systems containing triblock L35, F68 and PEO, the partition coefficient of the [Fe(CN)5(NO)]-2 and [Fe(CN)6]-3 decreased, indicating an exothermic process of the partitioning. The relative order of the partition coefficient is L35 <F68<PEO for both anions. However, the [Fe(CN)5(NO)]-2 anion has higher partition coefficient than [Fe(CN)6]-3 anion in all ATPS studied. The IR NO stretching band was very sensitivity to presence of the macromolecules suggesting that group NO has a strong effect on [Fe(CN)5(NO)]-2 anion partitioning behavior. The thermodynamic parameters obtained for non-linear Van t Hoff equation and calorimetric measurements show that the transfer of the anions to the top phase in all ATPS studied is enthalpically driven.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic

Characterization and application of thin film of carboxymehtylcellulose acetate butyrate

Esta tese apresenta o estudo do efeito do solvente acetato de etila e acetona no comportamento em solução dos polímeros acetato butirato celulose (CAB) e acetato butirato carboximetil celulose (CMCAB) e nas características dos seus filmes finos obtidos pela técnica de revestimento rotacional ou por adsorção. As medidas de viscosidade e espalhamento de raio-X a baixo ângulo (SAXS) mostraram que o acetato de etila é um melhor solvente para CAB e CMCAB do que a acetona. A caracterização dos filmes foi feita através de medidas de elipsometria, microscopia de força atômica (AFM), espectrocospia vibracional por geração de soma de freqüências (SFG) e medidas de ângulo de contato. Os filmes de CMCAB obtidos por revestimento rotacional são mais espessos quando preparado em acetona do que em acetato de etila. Imagens de AFM mostraram que os filmes de CMCAB oriundos de soluções em acetato de etila são mais homogêneos e lisos do que aqueles preparados a partir de acetona. Medidas de SFG comprovaram a forte afinidade da acetona com SiO2/Si, mostrando que esse solvente cria uma nova camada para os filmes de CAB e CMCAB. Os valores de energia superficial calculados para CAB e CMCAB foram semelhantes ~ (49,0 ± 0,5) mJ/m², sendo a contribuição da componente dispersiva maior que a da componente polar. A adsorção das proteínas lisozima, albumina do soro bovino (BSA), concanavalina A e jacalina foram mais pronunciadas sobre os filmes de CMCAB do que sobre CAB. Indicando que a presença do grupo carboximetil (CM) contribui significativamente no processo de adsorção das biomoléculas. O efeito da rugosidade dos filmes de CAB e CMCAB sobre o processo de adsorção das proteínas foi estudado. No caso do CMCAB, a adsorção das proteínas foi mais pronunciada sobre o filme rugoso do que sobre o filme mais liso. Entretanto, para os filmes de CAB a rugosidade não teve um efeito significativo na adsorção das proteínasThe effect of ethyl acetate and acetone on the solution behavior of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and carboxymehtylcellulose acetate butyrate (CMCAB) and on the characteristics of films obtained either by spin coating or adsorption was investigated. Viscosity and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements showed that ethyl acetate is a better solvent than acetone for CAB e CMCAB. Films were characterized by means of ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), sum frequency generation (SFG) and contact angle measurements. Spin-coated films of CMCAB from ethyl acetate solutions were thicker than those deposited from acetone solutions. AFM images revealed that CMCAB spin coated films from ethyl acetate solutions were homogeneous and flat. However, films obtained from solutions in acetone were very rough. SFG spectra showed that acetone binds strongly to SiO2/Si wafers, creating a new surface for CAB and CMCAB films. Surface energy values determined for spin-coated CAB and CMCAB were similar ~ (49,0 ± 0,5) mJ/m² with the dispersive component larger than the polar component. The adsorption of lysozyme, bovine serum albumin (BSA), concanavalin A and jacalin was more pronounced onto CMCAB films than that onto CAB films. Indicating that carboxymethyl group favored the adsorption process. The influence of surface roughness of CAB and CMCAB on protein adsorption has been investigated. In the case of CMCAB, protein adsorption was morepronounced onto rough films than that onto flat films. However, the roughness of CAB films exerted no significant influence on proteins adsorptio

Ciąża bliźniacza przebiegająca w postaci zaśniadu groniastego współwystępującego z żywym płodem: rozpoznanie, postępowanie oraz obserwacja po zakończeniu ciąży

Twin molar pregnancy with a hydatidiform mole and a coexisting live fetus is a rare form of gestational trophoblastic disease associated with an increased risk of obstetric complications and poor perinatal outcome. Prenatal diagnosis is essential for couple counseling and follow-up in Tertiary Reference Centers. Magnetic resonance imaging is important for the diagnostic differentiation of placental mesenchymal dysplasia and exclusion of myometrial invasion. Here we present a case of twin molar pregnancy with a hydatidiform mole and a coexisting live fetus diagnosed at gestational week 14 using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. We also describe the obstetric management and postmolar follow-up.Zaśniad groniasty stanowi łagodną postać ciążowej choroby trofoblastycznej (gestational trophoblastic disease, GTD)(1). W Brazylii ciążowa choroba trofoblastyczna stwierdzana jest 5–10 razy częściej(2) niż w Stanach Zjednoczonych i Europie(3,4). Zaśniad groniasty powstaje w wyniku nieprawidłowego zapłodnienia komórki jajowej i może przybierać dwie formy: zaśniadu groniastego całkowitego lub zaśniadu groniastego częściowego(1). Z klinicznego punktu widzenia taka reprodukcja materiału genetycznego może prowadzić do rozwinięcia się ciążowej neoplazji trofoblastu, która bez wdrożenia właściwego leczenia może skutkować śmiercią kobiety(1–4). Artykuł w wersji polskojęzycznej jest dostępny na stronie http://jultrason.pl/index.php/wydawnictwa/volume-17-no-7

Distribuição e formas de ocorrência de zinco em solos no município de Vazante - MG

A contaminação de solos é um problema atual que requer investigação detalhada no sentido de estabelecer critérios para a distinção entre anomalias naturais e contribuição antrópica. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a distribuição e as formas de ocorrência de Zn para identificar a origem de valores anômalos em solos adjacentes a áreas de mineração no município de Vazante-MG. Foram coletadas amostras de perfis de solos em remanescentes sobre a área minerada e em posições a jusante e a montante desta, nas camadas de 0-2, 2-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-50, 50-100, e 100-150 cm. Um estudo de extração seqüencial avaliou os teores de Zn nas formas: (a) solúvel; (b) trocável; (c) associada a carbonatos; (d) associada a óxidos amorfos; (e) associada a óxidos cristalinos; (f) associada à matéria orgânica; (g) residual; e (h) total. Verificou-se que os teores de Zn, de modo geral, são mais elevados nas áreas localizadas sobre a zona de mineralização, com solos mais jovens (Cambissolos e Neossolos), em relação aos solos mais intemperizados (Latossolos e Argissolos), localizados tanto a montante quanto a jusante da área minerada. Os teores totais foram muito altos. Mesmo considerando apenas as formas solúvel e trocável, mais lábeis, em alguns perfis os valores foram superiores aos teores totais encontrados naturalmente em solos. Verificou-se um padrão decrescente dos teores com a profundidade nos perfis localizados fora da área minerada. Por outro lado, os teores de Zn aumentaram com a profundidade em um Cambissolo localizado na área minerada. Não houve diferença significativa entre os teores de Zn das áreas a montante e a jusante em todas as formas químicas avaliadas, sugerindo que não se pode presumir efeito antrópico na dispersão do Zn em áreas adjacentes à zona de mineralização

A twin pregnancy with a hydatidiform mole and a coexisting live fetus: prenatal diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up

Twin molar pregnancy with a hydatidiform mole and a coexisting live fetus is a rare form of gestational trophoblastic disease associated with an increased risk of obstetric complications and poor perinatal outcome. Prenatal diagnosis is essential for couple counseling and follow-up in Tertiary Reference Centers. Magnetic resonance imaging is important for the diagnostic differentiation of placental mesenchymal dysplasia and exclusion of myometrial invasion. Here we present a case of twin molar pregnancy with a hydatidiform mole and a coexisting live fetus diagnosed at gestational week 14 using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. We also describe the obstetric management and postmolar follow-up

Changes in Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> Colonization among Pregnant Women before and after the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal infections. The genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract of pregnant women are the main source of transmission to newborns. This work investigated the prevalence and characterized GBS from pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, comparing the periods before (January 2019 to March 2020; 521) and during (May 2020 to March 2021; 285) the COVID-19 pandemic. GBS was detected in 10.8% of anovaginal samples. Considering scenarios before and during the pandemic, GBS colonization rate significantly decreased (13.8% vs. 5.3%; p = 0.0001). No clinical and sociodemographic aspect was associated with GBS carriage (p > 0.05). A total of 80%, 13.8% and 4.6% GBS strains were non-susceptible to tetracycline, erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively. Serotype Ia was the most frequent (47.7%), followed by V (23.1%), II (18.4%), III (7.7%) and Ib (3.1%). An increasing trend of serotypes Ib and V, as well as of antimicrobial resistance rates, and a decreasing trend of serotypes II and III, were observed after the pandemic onset, albeit not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The reduction in GBS colonization rates and alterations in GBS serotypes and resistance profiles during the pandemic were not due to changes in the sociodemographic profile of the population. Considering that control and preventive measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic onset have impacted other infectious diseases, these results shed light on the need for the continuous surveillance of GBS among pregnant women in the post-pandemic era

Risk of adverse outcomes in offspring with RT-PCR confirmed prenatal Zika virus exposure: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 13 cohorts in the Zika Brazilian Cohorts

The Zika Brazilian Cohorts Consortium was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq) (grant number 404861/2018-0). The individual studies participating in the ZBC-Consortium were funded by: Wellcome Trust and the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (grant numbers: 205377/Z/16/Z; 201870/Z/16/Z). European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under ZikaPLAN (grant number 734584). Wellcome Trust - Research Enrichment in Epidemic Situation (grant number 107779/Z/15/Z; with ER1505 & ER1601). Medical Research Council on behalf of the Newton Fund and Wellcome Trust (grant number MC_PC_15088). National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (grant number RO1/ AI140718). Fondation Christophe et Rodolphe Mérieux. National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq) (grant numbers 443875/2018-9; 440573/2016-5; 441098/2016-9; 305090/2016-0; 307282/2017-1; 304476/2018-8; 465549/2014-4; 440763/2016-9; 309722/2017-9; 306708/2014-0; 440577/2016-0). Coordination for the improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Capes) (grant numbers 88881.130813/2016-01; 88887.116627/2016-01; 88887.136366/2017-00). Ministry of Health of Brazil - Emergency Response in Public Health - Zika virus and Microcephaly (Ministério da Saúde de Brasil - Resposta à Emergência em Saúde Pública – Zika vírus e Microcefalia) (grant number 837058/2016). Department of Science and Technology (Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia - DECIT) (grant numbers 25000.072811/2016-19; 440839/2016-5). Foundation of Research Support of the State of São Paulo (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo – FAPESP) (grant numbers 2016/08578-0; 2017/21688-1; 2013/21719-3; 2016/ 15021-1; 2015/12295-0; 2016/05115-9). Foundation of Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – FAPERJ) (grant numbers E-26/201.351/2016; E-18/ 2015TXB; E-26/202.862/2018; E 26/010.002477/2016). Foundation of Support for Research and Scientific and Technological Development of Maranhão (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão – FAPEMA) (grant number 008/2016). Brazilian Ministry of Health (Ministério da Saúde – MS) (grant number 929698560001160-02). Evandro Chagas Institute/Brazilian Ministry of Health (Instituto Evandro Chagas/Ministério da Saúde). Foundation of Research Support of the State of Goiás (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás – FAPEG) (number grant 2017/10267000531). Foundation of Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul – FAPERGS) (grant number 17/2551-0000521-0). Foundation to Support Teaching, Research and Assistance at Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (Fundação de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Assistência do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto) and São Paulo State Department of Health (Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de São Paulo). Support Foundation of Pernambuco Science and Technology (Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco – FACEPE) (grant numbers APQ-0172-4.01/16; APQ-0192-4.01/17; APQ0793-4.01/17).Federal University of Pernambuco. Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine. Recife, PE, Brazil / University of Pernambuco. Post-Graduation in Health Sciences. Recife, PE, Brazil.University of Pernambuco. Post-Graduation in Health Sciences. Recife, PE, Brazil.London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology. London, UK.Federal University of Pernambuco. Postgraduate Program in Collective Health. Recife, PE, Brazil.University of Pernambuco. Post-Graduation in Health Sciences. Recife, PE, Brazil.University of Amazonas State. Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine. Manaus, AM, Brazil / Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation. Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine. Manaus, AM, Brazil.Ribeirão Preto Medical School. Department of Pediatrics. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.Ribeirão Preto Medical School. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.Ribeirão Preto Medical School. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.Ribeirão Preto Medical School. Department of Pediatrics. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.University of Amazonas State. Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine. Manaus, AM, Brazil / Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation. Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine. Manaus, AM, Brazil.University of Amazonas State. Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine. Manaus, AM, Brazil / Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation. Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine. Manaus, AM, Brazil.Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Clinical Research Unit. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Clinical Research Unit. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Obstretics. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.University of California. David Geffen School of Medicine. Department of Pediatrics. Los Angeles, CA, Estados Unidos.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Research Center Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, Brazil.London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology. London, UK.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Research Center Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, Brazil.Altino Ventura Foundation. Department of Ophthalmology. Recife, PE, Brazil / Pernambuco Eyes Hospital. Recife, PE, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Medicine School of São José do Rio Preto. Department of Infectious Disease. São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.Medicine School of São José do Rio Preto. Department of Infectious Disease. São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.Medicine School of São José do Rio Preto. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics. São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.Medicine School of Jundiaí. Infectious Pediatric Laboratory. Jundiaí, SP, Brazil.Federal University of São Paulo. Department of Fetal Medicine. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Father Anchieta University Center. Nursing School. Jundiaí, SP, Brazil.Federal University of São Paulo. Paulista School of Medicine. Departament of Obstetrics. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Federal University of Goiás. Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health. Goiânia, GO, Brazil.Health Secretariat of Goiás State. Maternal and Child Hospital. Goiânia, GO, Brazil.Federal University of São Paulo. Paulista School of Medicine. Departament of Obstetrics. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Health Secretariat of Goiás State. Maternal and Child Hospital. Goiânia, GO, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Hospital das Clinicas de Porto Alegre. Departamento de Genética. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.City Hall of Tangará da Serra, Municipal Health Department, Tangará da Serra, MT, Brazil.Federal University of Campina Grande. Medical Academic Unit. Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.Federal University of Campina Grande. Medical Academic Unit. Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Department of Pediatrics. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.D’Or Institute for Research & Education. Department of Pediatrics. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Departmentiversity of Rio de Janeiro Maternity School. Department of Obstectrics. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Departmentiversity of Rio de Janeiro Maternity School. Department of Obstectrics. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Reference Maternity Prof. José Maria de Magalhães Netto. Bahia Health Department, Salvador, BA, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Gonçalo Moniz Institute. Salvador, BA, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Gonçalo Moniz Institute. Salvador, BA, Brazil.Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Department of Infecitous Diseases. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Department of Infecitous Diseases. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Gonçalo Moniz Institute. Salvador, BA, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Leonidas and Maria Deane Institute. Manaus, AM, Brazil.University of Amazonas State. Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine. Manaus, AM, Brazil / Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation. Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine. Manaus, AM, Brazil / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Leonidas and Maria Deane Institute. Manaus, AM, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Background: Knowledge regarding the risks associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in pregnancy has relied on individual studies with relatively small sample sizes and variable risk estimates of adverse outcomes, or on surveillance or routinely collected data. Using data from the Zika Brazilian Cohorts Consortium, this study aims, to estimate the risk of adverse outcomes among offspring of women with RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection during pregnancy and to explore heterogeneity between studies. Methods: We performed an individual participant data meta-analysis of the offspring of 1548 pregnant women from 13 studies, using one and two-stage meta-analyses to estimate the absolute risks. Findings: Of the 1548 ZIKV-exposed pregnancies, the risk of miscarriage was 0.9%, while the risk of stillbirth was 0.3%. Among the pregnancies with liveborn children, the risk of prematurity was 10,5%, the risk of low birth weight was 7.7, and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) was 16.2%. For other abnormalities, the absolute risks were: 2.6% for microcephaly at birth or first evaluation, 4.0% for microcephaly at any time during follow-up, 7.9% for neuroimaging abnormalities, 18.7% for functional neurological abnormalities, 4.0% for ophthalmic abnormalities, 6.4% for auditory abnormalities, 0.6% for arthrogryposis, and 1.5% for dysphagia. This risk was similar in all sites studied and in different socioeconomic conditions, indicating that there are not likely to be other factors modifying this association. Interpretation: This study based on prospectively collected data generates the most robust evidence to date on the risks of congenital ZIKV infections over the early life course. Overall, approximately one-third of liveborn children with prenatal ZIKV exposure presented with at least one abnormality compatible with congenital infection, while the risk to present with at least two abnormalities in combination was less than 1.0%