MX Snow Ski

Living in the Pacific Northwest has many perks when it comes to enjoying the outdoors. All of the seasons can be enjoyed, as well as being completely surrounded by beautiful rolling hills and mountains. Being someone who continuously enjoys the outdoors year-round it’s always fun to try new hobbies. The problem with owning a dirt bike is that most people ride during the dryer and warmer seasons of the year. This project would enable the bike to be ridden even during the snowy winter season. Riding a dirt bike in snow has been recently explored by only a few companies the past few years. Why not design our own working system? A Honda Cr250r dirt bike became the test model and a front mount for a snow ski was designed. This ski would replace the front wheel/tire, while a paddle tire would be implemented at the rear of the bike. After all thirteen parts are machined from the CNC, table mill, band saw, and surface grinders, the device is considered complete and will be properly mounted to the dirt bike. When tested, the dirt bike should handle well in the snow by making tight turns, long sweeping turns, and tracking straight with ease. The ski mount device will also allow the front ski to pivot in the upward position from 20-45°, while also pivoting downward at least 10-25°. This will allow a rider to enjoy dirt biking all year-round.https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/cwu_met/1019/thumbnail.jp

Peer crowd-based targeting in E-cigarette advertisements: a qualitative study to inform counter-marketing.

BACKGROUND:Cigarette lifestyle marketing with psychographic targeting has been well documented, but few studies address non-cigarette tobacco products. This study examined how young adults respond to e-cigarette advertisements featuring diverse peer crowds - peer groups with shared identities and lifestyles - to inform tobacco counter-marketing design. METHODS:Fifty-nine young adult tobacco users in California participated in interviews and viewed four to five e-cigarette advertisements that featured characters from various peer crowd groups. For each participant, half of the advertisements they viewed showed characters from the same peer crowd as their own, and the other half of the advertisements featured characters from a different peer crowd. Advertisements were presented in random order. Questions probed what types of cues are noticed in the advertisements, and whether and how much participants liked or disliked the advertisements. RESULTS:Results suggest that participants liked and provided richer descriptions of characters and social situations in the advertisements featuring their own peer crowd more than the advertisements featuring a different peer crowd. Mismatching age or device type was also noted: participants reported advertisements showing older adults were not intended for them. Participants who used larger vaporizers tended to dislike cigalike advertisements even if they featured a matching peer crowd. CONCLUSION:Peer crowd and lifestyle cues, age and device type are all salient features of e-cigarette advertising for young adults. Similarly, educational campaigns about e-cigarettes should employ peer crowd-based targeting to engage young adults, though messages should be carefully tested to ensure authentic and realistic portrayals

Compatible relations on filters and stability of local topological properties under supremum and product

An abstract scheme using particular types of relations on filters leads to general unifying results on stability under supremum and product of local topological properties. We present applications for Frechetness, strong Frechetness, countable tightness and countable fan-tightness, some of which recover or refine classical results, some of which are new. The reader may find other applications as well.Comment: 28 page

Parametric Bicycle Yoke

This report outlines the entire design, fabrication, and validation process of a parametric yoke design that addresses the packaging problem of the bottom-bracket chainstay junction in modern bicycle frames. The goal was to create an elegant, space-efficient solution that is accessible to the Cal Poly Bike Builders Club. The report includes documentation of the three-part fixture system, manufacturing process, and testing results for the yoke. Our yoke design outperforms traditional round-tube weldments in torsional and vertical stiffness. Additionally, all manufacturing fixtures and machining operations function as intended, resulting in a finished yoke that meets all required tolerances in under an hour of machining time. The cost of manufacturing each yoke is under $20, making it affordable for Bike Builders\u27 Club members. The report provides detailed information on the testing conducted to verify the design prototype, including the methodology and results. Based on the findings, recommendations for design and process improvements are included for future reference. A user manual, project budget, test results, and other relevant project data are provided as appendices. Moving forward, the project team plans to collaborate closely with the Bike Builders Club to ensure the successful integration and operation of the yokes in club member projects

First North American case of Hemoglobin Shepherds Bush (β 74[E18] Gly → Asp) in a central Pennsylvania family

BACKGROUND: Hemoglobin Shepherds Bush (Human Genome Variation Society name: HBB:c.224G > A) is an unstable hemoglobin variant resulting from a β 74 GGC to GAC mutation (Gly to Asp) that manifests clinically as hemolytic anemia or gall bladder disease due to chronic subclinical hemolysis. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a Pennsylvania family of English descent with this condition, first noticed in a 6-year-old female. The proband presented with splenomegaly, fatigue, dark urine and an elevated indirect bilirubin. Hemoglobin identification studies and subsequent genetic testing performed according to a systematic algorithm elucidated the diagnosis of Hb Shepherds Bush. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first case of this rare hemoglobin variant identified in North America to our knowledge. It was identified using a systematic algorithm of diagnostic tests that should be followed whenever considering a rare hemoglobinopathy as part of the differential diagnosis

Political participation: the vocational motivations of Labour party employees

Party employees are an under-researched group in political science. This article begins to address this oversight by examining Labour Party employees using new quantitative and qualitative data. It argues that party employment should be regarded as a form of political participation and as a consequence, existing models of political participation can be utilised to help explain why people work for political parties. After testing these propositions, the article concludes that existing models are indeed helpful in explaining the motivations for party employment

Boosting Confidence in Hearing Loss Services Through an Interprofessional Simulation led by Peer Instructors

Speech-language pathologists have an ethical responsibility to work with clients with hearing loss. Therefore, speech-language pathology (SLP) students must receive specific education and training in working with this population. SLP students may have low self-efficacy about their ability to work with clients with hearing loss if they haven’t participated in specific training. Interprofessional education utilizing peer teaching by doctor of audiology (AuD) students is one method for helping SLP students learn specific skills to address hearing loss in a clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to investigate SLP graduate students\u27 self-efficacy with working with individuals with hearing loss; SLP student perception of an interprofessional, peer-taught, experiential learning day (ELD) focused on skills related to serving individuals with hearing loss; and AuD peer teacher experiences. The ELD focused on developing skills and knowledge related to the insertion, troubleshooting, and maintenance of hearing aids. It also involved the exploration of hearing assistive technology, as well as information on hearing aids and hearing protection. The learning experience included multiple stations utilizing simulation, experiential learning, and AuD peer teaching. Results from this investigation suggest that an ELD benefits both SLP and AuD students. Specifically, SLP students reported increased self-efficacy for all tasks practiced, and AuD peer teachers reported increased confidence with teaching and a desire to teach again. Student questionnaire ratings suggested that SLP students enjoyed learning from AuD peer teachers, felt the ELD was beneficial to their learning, and thought they were gaining crucial skills for future practice. It appears that using an ELD with AuD peer teachers is a beneficial way to teach SLP students skills for working with clients with hearing loss

Infectious alphavirus production from a simple plasmid transfection+

We have developed a new method for producing infectious double subgenomic alphaviruses from plasmids transfected into mammalian cells. A double subgenomic Sindbis virus (TE3'2J) was transcribed from a cytomegalovirus PolII promoter, which results in the production of infectious virus. Transfection of as little as 125 ng of plasmid is able to produce 1 × 108 plaque forming units/ml (PFU/ml) of infectious virus 48 hours post-transfection. This system represents a more efficient method for producing recombinant Sindbis viruses