Considerations for the use of medical devices in dermatology.

This manuscript addresses the significant considerations concerning the development and use of medical devices in dermatology. With the rapidly growing demand and booming market for medical devices, especially lasers, it is crucial that dermatologists become familiar with the nuances associated with supporting clinical studies, consumer-driven marketing strategies, and the complex relationships that exist between physicians, industry, and consumers. An examination of these relationships includes an overview of the potential biases pertaining to advisory panels and treating clinicians. The aim of this paper is to serve as an introduction to the background of medical devices and to offer dermatologists important information on what should be considered before recommending treatment

Hildegard of Bingen: Mystic of the Rhine

Hildegard of Bingen has a storied past and, as such, has been called many things. Among these are Sybil of the Rhine, Doctor of the Church, and mystic. This last title has given some pause, most notably Caroline Walker Bynum and Barbara Newman, who deny her the title in their preface and introduction to Hildegard\u27s flagship work, Scivias. Scholars such as these fail to analyze Hildegard and her works on their own merits, instead comparing her to other female mystics rather than mystics in general. Although Hildegard does not experience the physical union that is the hallmark of the false construct of `feminine mysticism,\u27 she does not embrace union as the theme of Scivias. When analyzing Hildegard\u27s work with a clear definition of mysticism at hand, one can confidently declare her a mystic

Trends in unsolicited dermatologic opinions: A national survey

In dermatology, a particularly common ethical dilemma can arise when the skin lesions of bystanders are inadvertently viewed in public settings. Dermatology is a unique field, where a person’s organ of interest is readily visible to others. When lesions are suspicious for skin disease, unsolicited medical opinions may or may not be given depending on several factors. This study examined the actions and attitudes of dermatologists with different levels of experience through the use of case scenarios with various settings and skin lesions. © 2017, Dermatology Online Journal. All rights reserved

Translational Science and Evidence-Based Healthcare: A Clarification and Reconceptualization of How Knowledge Is Generated and Used in Healthcare

The importance of basing health policy and health care practices on the best available international evidence (“evidence-based health care”) and on translating knowledge or evidence into action (“translation science” or “translational research”) is increasingly being emphasized across all health sectors inmost countries. Evidence-based healthcare is a process that identifies policy or clinical questions and addresses these questions by generating knowledge and evidence to effectively and appropriately deliver healthcare in ways that are effective, feasible, and meaningful to specific populations, cultures, and settings. This evidence is then appraised, synthesized, and transferred to service delivery settings and health professionals who then utilize it and evaluate its impact on health outcomes, health systems, and professional practice. Many of the common theories that address this translational process place it apart from the evidence-based practice cycle and most recognise only two translational gaps. This paper seeks to clarify the nature of evidence-based healthcare and translation science and proposes a reconceptualization that both brings together these two dominant ideas in modern healthcare and asserts the existence of a third fundamental gap that is rarely addressed the gap between knowledge need and discovery

Human Powered Vehicle Internal Systems Design

The objective of this design project is to redesign the seat and steering system for the Human Powered Vehicle Team. The goal of the seat design is too improve ergonomics by making it more comfortable and adjustable. In making the seat adjustable, it will be easier for drivers to achieve an optimal efficiency when pedaling. The aim for steering will be to improve the ergonomics as well as performance by analyzing steering systems in the past and evaluating how each design was successful and for what reason. Another main goal of the steering system will be improving the stability and driver feedback. Because the vehicle is entirely human powered, ergonomics is somewhat of a dark horse in competition and could improve the success of the 2019-2020 Human Powered Vehicle Team

Exposure to childhood poverty and racial differences in economic opportunity in young adulthood

Young adults in the United States, especially young Black adults, experience high poverty rates relative to other age groups. Prior research has largely attributed racial disparities in young adult poverty to differential attainment of benchmarks related to education, employment, and family formation. This study investigates that mechanism alongside racial differences in childhood poverty exposure. Analyses of Panel Study of Income Dynamics data reveal that racial differences in childhood poverty are more consequential than differential attainment of education, employment, and family formation benchmarks in shaping racial differences in young adult poverty. Whereas benchmark attainment reduces an individual's likelihood of poverty, racial differences in benchmark attainment do not meaningfully explain Black-White poverty gaps for three reasons. First, childhood poverty is negatively associated with benchmark attainment, generating strong selection effects into the behavioral characteristics associated with lower poverty. Second, benchmark attainment does not equalize poverty rates among Black and White men. Third, Black children experience four times the poverty rate of White children, and childhood poverty has lingering negative consequences for young adult poverty. Although equalizing benchmark attainment would reduce Black-White gaps in young adult poverty, equalizing childhood poverty exposure would have twice the reduction effect

An ytterbium-doped fiber laser at 1.1 um

A pulsed ytterbium-doped fiber laser is proposed and developed. A length of samarium-doped fiber was inserted into the laser cavity to induce passive Q-switching. The laser oscillated in the continuous wave, Q-switched mode-locked or Q-switched regime depending on adjustment of the intracavity polarization controller and the pump power. Q-switched pulses with a pulse energy of ~7.5 nJ and duration of ~70 ns were obtained at a pump power of ~1500 mW, corresponding to a peak output power of ~106 mW at an average power of 2 mW. The low output power was attributed to the low coupling efficiency of pump radiation into the cavity and the high cavity losses. All results were obtained at room temperature

The Adaptive Charging Network Research Portal: Systems, Tools, and Algorithms

Millions of electric vehicles (EVs) will enter service in the next decade, generating gigawatt-hours of additional energy demand. Charging these EVs cleanly, affordably, and without excessive stress on the grid will require advances in charging system design, hardware, monitoring, and control. Collectively, we refer to these advances as smart charging. While researchers have explored smart charging for over a decade, very few smart charging systems have been deployed in practice, leaving a sizeable gap between the research literature and the real world. In particular, we find that research is often based on simplified theoretical models. These simple models make analysis tractable but do not account for the complexities of physical systems. Moreover, researchers often lack the data needed to evaluate the performance of their algorithms on real workloads or apply techniques like machine learning. Even when promising algorithms are developed, they are rarely deployed since field tests can be costly and time-consuming. The goal of this thesis is to develop systems, tools, and algorithms to bridge these gaps between theory and practice. First, we describe the architecture of a first-of-its-kind smart charging system we call the Adaptive Charging Network (ACN). Next, we use data and models from the ACN to develop a suite of tools to help researchers. These tools include ACN-Data, a public dataset of over 80,000 charging sessions; ACN-Sim, an open-source simulator based on realistic models; and ACN-Live, a platform for field testing algorithms on the ACN. Finally, we describe the algorithms we have developed using these tools. For example, we propose a practical and robust algorithm based on model predictive control, which can reduce infrastructure requirements by over 75%, increase operator profits by up to 3.4 times, and significantly reduce strain on the electric power grid. Other examples include a pricing scheme that fairly allocates costs to users considering time-of-use tariffs and demand charges and a data-driven approach to optimally size on-site solar generation with smart EV charging systems.</p

Simple Lie algebras arising from Leavitt path algebras

For a field K and directed graph E, we analyze those elements of the Leavitt path algebra L_K(E) which lie in the commutator subspace [L_K(E), L_K(E)]. This analysis allows us to give easily computable necessary and sufficient conditions to determine which Lie algebras of the form [L_K(E), L_K(E)] are simple, when E is row-finite (i.e., has finite out-degree) and L_K(E) is simple.Comment: 18 pages. In the second version the exposition has been improved, and various typos and minor errors have been correcte