Additional file 1: of Long-term Staphylococcus aureus decolonization in patients on home parenteral nutrition: study protocol for a randomized multicenter trial

Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) Checklist. (DOC 122 kb

Additional file 3: of Reduced rate of intensive care unit acquired gram-negative bacilli after removal of sinks and introduction of ‘water-free’ patient care

Colonization with Gram-negative bacilli. (DOCX 28 kb

In-vitro cytokine measurements after whole blood LPS and Pam3Cys stimulation between the caspase-12 genotypes from the volunteers enrolled in 2006.

<p>Stimulation was performed with 1, 10 and 100 ng/ml LPS (<i>E. coli</i>) and 10 µg/ml Pam3Cys. TNF (A), IL-1β (B) and IL-10 (C) were measured by ELISA in the supernatant after 24 hour stimulation. Volunteers were grouped as homozygous bearing the nonfunctional caspase-12 genotype (S/S), heterozygous bearing the nonfunctional and functional caspase-12 (S/L), and homozygous bearing the functional caspase-12 (L/L). Numbers of volunteers included for each cytokine are S/S = 33, S/L = 16 and L/L = 1. Values represent mean + SD for each group of volunteers. P-values for differences between caspase-12 genotype were calculated with the Mann-Whitney test. *P<0.05.</p

Caspase-12 genotypes and allele frequency in two cohorts of Mali volunteers, one collected in 2006 and one in 2007.

a<p>Population do not violate Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.</p>b<p>Distribution of Caspase-12 genotypes between 2006 and 2007 populations did not differ (χ²-test).</p

In-vitro cytokine measurements after PBMC stimulation with <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>, <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> and <i>Yersinia pestis</i>.

<p>Caucasian individuals bearing a normal (NOD2 wt, N = 10) or homozygous for the 3020insC NOD2 mutation (NOD2 del, N = 5) were stimulated with the various <i>Yersinia spp</i>. TNF (A) and IL-1β (B) were measured by ELISA after 24-hour stimulation. Values represent mean + SD for each group of volunteers. P-values for differences between caspase-12 genotype were calculated with the Mann-Whitney test. *P<0.05, **P≤0.01.</p

In-vitro cytokine measurements after whole blood stimulation with <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>, <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> and <i>Yersinia pestis</i>.

<p>TNF (A), IL-1β (B) and IL-10 (C) were measured by ELISA after 24-hour stimulation. Volunteers were grouped as homozygous bearing the nonfunctional caspase-12 genotype (S/S), heterozygous bearing the functional caspase-12 and nonfunctional (S/L) and homozygous that bear the functional caspase-12 (L/L). The numbers of volunteers included for each cytokine are S/S = 24, S/L = 22 and L/L = 1. Values represent mean + SD for each group of volunteers. P-values for differences between caspase-12 genotype were calculated with the Mann-Whitney test.</p

In-vitro cytokine measurements after whole blood LPS and Pam3Cys stimulation between the caspase-12 genotypes from the volunteers enrolled in 2007.

<p>Stimulation with LPS was performed with 10 ng/ml. TNF (A), IL-1β (B) and IL-10 (C) were measured by ELISA after 24-hour stimulation. Volunteers were grouped as homozygous bearing the nonfunctional caspase-12 genotype (S/S), heterozygous bearing the nonfunctional and functional caspase-12 (S/L) and homozygous that bear the functional caspase-12 (L/L). Numbers of volunteers included for each cytokine are S/S = 24, S/L = 22 and L/L = 1. Values represent mean + SD for each group of volunteers. P-values for differences between caspase-12 genotype were calculated with the Mann-Whitney test.</p