The Effects of User Engagements for User and Company Generated Videos on Music Sales: Empirical Evidence From YouTube

With the growth of social network services, users have been able to freely create and share music in ways that were once thought unimaginable. Sharing a music video through such platforms can now be done simply by anyone with access to a computer or smart phone. Online music content can be divided into two major categories—user-generated content (UGC) and company-generated content (CGC). While previous studies on the content of online music videos have examined the impact of this content on, for example, a company's marketing effectiveness and brand image, they have given little attention to the different effects of user engagement of UGC and user engagement of CGC. This study attempts to address this lack by examining how these two kinds of user engagement differently influence user music choices. We will also examine the differing levels of impact on users across the initial, middle, and final periods after a song is released. In order to examine the different impacts of user engagement, we apply an estimation of generalized least squares (GLS) with a panel dataset of 1,035 songs found on Gaon, the official South Korean music ranking chart. We use the number of music video shares generated by users and firms as proxy variables of user engagement in UGC and CGC, respectively. We find that user engagement of UGC and CGC positively influence music sales. We also find that the effects are not static, but rather change in the initial, middle, and final periods after a song is released. In particular, this study finds that the effect of user engagement of UGC on sales is greater than the effect of user engagement of CGC in the initial period but that the effect of the latter becomes similar to that of former at the end of this period. This finding suggests that managers of digital music providers should encourage consumers to create their own content in the initial period, as potential consumers are more likely to buy songs with more UGC content and shares in the initial period

Refreshing Distributed Multiple View and Replicas

In this paper we prescribe a replication server scheme with an algorithm DRF (Differential Refresh File) to refresh multiple materialized views and replicas in distributed environments. Before sending relevant tuples in server sites to client sites, an effective tuple reduction scheme is developed as a preprocessor to reduce the transmission cost. Because it utilizes differential files without touching base relations, the DRF scheme can help to minimize the number of lucks, which enhances the system's performance

Therapeutic Efficacy of ABN401, a Highly Potent and Selective MET Inhibitor, Based on Diagnostic Biomarker Test in MET-Addicted Cancer

The receptor tyrosine kinase c-MET regulates processes essential for tissue remodeling and mammalian development. The dysregulation of c-MET signaling plays a role in tumorigenesis. The aberrant activation of c-MET, such as that caused by gene amplification or mutations, is associated with many cancers. c-MET is therefore an attractive therapeutic target, and inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials. However, inappropriate patient selection criteria, such as low amplification or expression level cut-off values, have led to the failure of clinical trials. To include patients who respond to MET inhibitors, the selection criteria must include MET oncogenic addiction. Here, the efficacy of ABN401, a MET inhibitor, was investigated using histopathologic and genetic analyses in MET-addicted cancer cell lines and xenograft models. ABN401 was highly selective for 571 kinases, and it inhibited c-MET activity and its downstream signaling pathway. We performed pharmacokinetic profiling of ABN401 and defined the dose and treatment duration of ABN401 required to inhibit c-MET phosphorylation in xenograft models. The results show that the efficacy of ABN401 is associated with MET status and they highlight the importance of determining the cut-off values. The results suggest that clinical trials need to establish the characteristics of each sample and their correlations with the efficacy of MET inhibitors

<i>In Vivo</i> Silicon-Based Flexible Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Monolithically Encapsulated with Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Polymers

Biointegrated electronics have been investigated for various healthcare applications which can introduce biomedical systems into the human body. Silicon-based semiconductors perform significant roles of nerve stimulation, signal analysis, and wireless communication in implantable electronics. However, the current large-scale integration (LSI) chips have limitations in <i>in vivo</i> devices due to their rigid and bulky properties. This paper describes <i>in vivo</i> ultrathin silicon-based liquid crystal polymer (LCP) monolithically encapsulated flexible radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) for medical wireless communication. The mechanical stability of the LCP encapsulation is supported by finite element analysis simulation. <i>In vivo</i> electrical reliability and bioaffinity of the LCP monoencapsulated RFIC devices are confirmed in rats. <i>In vitro</i> accelerated soak tests are performed with Arrhenius method to estimate the lifetime of LCP monoencapsulated RFICs in a live body. The work could provide an approach to flexible LSI in biointegrated electronics such as an artificial retina and wireless body sensor networks