Single Transconjunctival Incision and Two-point Fixation for the Treatment of Noncomminuted Zygomatic Complex Fracture

The ultimate goal in treating zygomatic complex fracture is to obtain an accurate, stable reduction while minimizing external scars and functional deformity. The present authors present our experiences with a single transconjunctival incision and two-point (inferior orbital rim and frontozygomatic suture) fixation in 53 patients with zygomatic complex fracture which were not comminuted. All patients had transconjunctival approaches with lateral canthal extensions, and six out of 53 patients also had an additional small (about less than 2 cm) gingivobuccal incision to achieve an accurate reduction. There were 3 minor complications, and the overall esthetics and functional results were satisfactory with a long term follow-up. Our method has the following advantages in the reduction of zygomatic complex fracture; It leaves only an inconspicuous lateral canthal scar. In addition, it provides excellent simultaneous visualization of the inferior orbital rim and frontozygomatic suture area. Hence, two-point fixation through a single incision can be performed with a satisfactory stability

Developmental Switch of the Serotonergic Role in the Induction of Synaptic Long-term Potentiation in the Rat Visual Cortex

Synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) have been studied as mechanisms of ocular dominance plasticity in the rat visual cortex. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) inhibits the induction of LTP and LTD during the critical period of the rat visual cortex (postnatal 3~5 weeks). However, in adult rats, the increase in 5-HT level in the brain by the administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine reinstates ocular dominance plasticity and LTP in the visual cortex. Here, we investigated the effect of 5-HT on the induction of LTP in the visual cortex obtained from 3- to 10-week-old rats. Field potentials in layer 2/3, evoked by the stimulation of underlying layer 4, was potentiated by theta-burst stimulation (TBS) in 3- and 5-week-old rats, then declined to the baseline level with aging to 10 weeks. Whereas 5-HT inhibited the induction of LTP in 5-week-old rats, it reinstated the induction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA)-dependent LTP in 8- and 10-week-old rats. Moreover, the selective SSRI citalopram reinstated LTP. The potentiating effect of 5-HT at 8 weeks of age was mediated by the activation of 5-HT2 receptors, but not by the activation of either 5-HT1A or 5-HT3 receptors. These results suggested that the effect of 5-HT on the induction of LTP switches from inhibitory in young rats to facilitatory in adult rats

A Pilot Study of Skin Resurfacing Using the 2,790-nm Erbium:YSGG Laser System

Background The erbium:yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er:YSGG) laser differs from other laser techniques by having a faster and higher cure rate. Since the Er:YSGG laser causes an appropriate proportion of ablation and coagulation, it has advantages over the conventional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and the erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, including heating tendencies and explosive vaporization. This research was conducted to explore the effects and safety of the Er:YSGG laser. Methods Twenty patients participated in the pilot study of a resurfacing system using a 2,790-nm Er:YSGG laser. All patients received facial treatment by the 2,790-nm Er:YSGG laser system (Cutera) twice with a 4-week interval. Wrinkle reduction, reduction in pigment inhomogeneity, and improvement in tone and texture were measured. Results Study subjects included 15 women and five men. Re-epithelization occurred in all subjects 3 to 4 days after treatment, and wrinkle reduction, reduction in pigment inhomogeneity, and improvement in tone and texture within 6 months of treatment. Conclusions The 2,790-nm YSGG laser technique had fewer complications and was effective in the improvement of scars, pores, wrinkles, and skin tone and color with one or two treatments. We expect this method to be effective for people with acne scars, pore scars, deep wrinkles, and uneven skin texture and color

Development of Three-Dimensional Hybrid Scaffold Using Chondrocytes Encapsulated Alginate Hydrogel

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3D Printing of Scaffold-Free Construct Using Decellularized Adipose Tissue Derived Bioink for Soft Tissue Regeneration

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Development of a bi-pore scaffold using indirect solid freeform fabrication based on microstereolithography technology

Precise control over the biomaterial, porosity, and inner architecture of a scaffold is essential for tissue regeneration. This paper proposes a new bi-pore scaffold that has both global and local pores in its structure. The global pores can serve as channels for supplying cells with nutrients and oxygen, while the local pores provide space for cell growth. A lost mold shape-forming process based on high-resolution microstereolithography technology was used to form the global pores, and conventional scaffold fabrication methods, such as salt leaching and phase inversion, were added to the molding process to generate local pores. This resulted in the fabrication of 300 to 400 mu m global pores with the lost molding process; local pores of 30 to 100 mu m and 1 to 5 mu m were achieved with salt leaching and phase inversion, respectively. Compared to other processes, this fabrication process provides a powerful method for bi-pore scaffold fabrication. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. Ail rights reservedclose111

Investigation of effective shear stress on endothelial differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells with microfluidic screening device

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into not only mesenchymal lineage cells, such as osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes, but also into endothelial cells in vitro when they are exposed to specific biochemical factors. A shear stress stimulus combined with biochemical factors has been reported to promote endothelial cell differentiation of MSCs more effectively than the case with biochemicals only. Although many previous studies suggested that the specific shear stress levels can increase the differentiation potentials of MSCs into endothelial cells, no studies have investigated the effects of shear stress levels within a physiological range on the endothelial differentiation at once. In this paper, we utilized a microfluidic screening device with an equilateral triangular channel, which generates a shear stress gradient in the physiological range of 0-19.8 dyne/cm(2) across the channel, to examine shear stress effects on endothelial differentiation of MSCs. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) were differentiated into endothelial cells by applying the shear stress gradient with an endothelial induction medium to find out an effective shear stress range on endothelial differentiation. As a result, a shear stress range of 7.8-13.7 dyne/cm(2) was found to be the most effective level of shear stress stimulus for the endothelial differentiation of hASCs. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.1111sciescopu

The Importance of Multidisciplinary Management during Prenatal Care for Cleft Lip and Palate

Background The prenatal ultrasound detection of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and its continuous management in the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal periods using a multidisciplinary team approach can be beneficial for parents and their infants. In this report, we share our experiences with the prenatal detection of CL/P and the multidisciplinary management of this malformation in our institution's Congenital Disease Center. Methods The multidisciplinary team of the Congenital Disease Center for mothers of children with CL/P is composed of obstetricians, plastic and reconstructive surgeons, pediatricians, and psychiatrists. A total of 11 fetuses were diagnosed with CL/P from March 2009 to December 2013, and their mothers were referred to the Congenital Disease Center of our hospital. When CL/P is suspected in the prenatal ultrasound screening examination, the pregnant woman is referred to our center for further evaluation. Results The abortion rate was 28% (3/11). The concordance rate of the sonographic and final diagnoses was 100%. Ten women (91%) reported that they were satisfied with the multidisciplinary management in our center. Conclusions Although a child with a birth defect is unlikely to be received well, the women whose fetuses were diagnosed with CL/P on prenatal ultrasound screening and who underwent multidisciplinary team management were more likely to decide to continue their pregnancy

The Relationship between Free Press and Under-Reporting of Non-Fatal Occupational Injuries with Data from Representative National Indicators, 2015: Focusing on the Lethality Rate of Occupational Injuries among 39 Countries

The epidemiology of occupational injuries is reported worldwide, but suspicions of under-reporting prevail, probably associated with free press. We examined the association between freedom of the press and lethality rate of occupational injuries based on the most comprehensive International Labour Organization database on labour statistics (ILOSTAT) among 39 countries. The occupational injury indices, national indicators, and information on freedom of the press in 2015 were sourced from ILOSTAT, World Bank open data, World Health Organization and Freedom House. The lethality rate was the number of fatal occupational injuries per 10,000 total occupational injuries. The relationship among fatal and total occupation injury rates, lethality rate, and national statistics were analysed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. Multivariable linear regression models with bootstrap estimation to manage non-normality determined freedom of the press associated with lethality rate. Freedom of the press was significantly correlated with fatal and total occupational injury rate and lethality rate of occupational injuries. Adjusting for national indicators, only freedom of the press was associated with lethality rate per 10,000 occupational injuries in the report of ILOSTAT. The lethality rate of occupational injury reported by each country might not reflect the actual lethality, but under-reported nonfatal occupational injuries, probably relating to freedom of the press