Comparison of Compression Schemes for CLARA

CLARA (Compact Linear Advanced Research Accelerator)at Daresbury Laboratory is proposed to be the UK's national FEL test facility. The accelerator will be a ~250 MeV electron linac capable of producing short, high brightness electron bunches. The machine comprises a 2.5cell RF photocathode gun, one 2 m and three 5 m normal conducting S-band (2998MHz) accelerating structures and a variable magnetic compression chicane. CLARA will be used as a test bed for novel FEL configurations. We present a comparison of acceleration and compression schemes for the candidate machine layout.Comment: 3 pages, 5 figures, IPAC 201

Colesevelam hydrochloride: reducing atherosclerotic coronary heart disease risk factors

Colesevelam HCl is a bile acid sequestrant (BAS) which has been specifically designed with a unique structure for the purpose of improving tolerability and reducing potential drug interactions compared to older BAS, such as cholestyramine and colestipol. As a class, BAS are known to reduce cholesterol and glucose levels, and to reduce atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD) risk as monotherapy, and in combination with other lipid-altering drug therapies. Colesevelam HCl has specifically been shown to reduce total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, and has been approved as a cholesterol-lowering drug since year 2000. It has also been shown to reduce glucose levels. This discussion reviews mechanisms by which BAS lower cholesterol, and potential mechanisms by which BAS lower glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Finally this paper specifically reviews colesevelam HCl’s pharmacology, lipid and glucose efficacy, safety/tolerability, and clinical use

Belousov-Zhabotinsky droplet mixing on-chip for chemical computing applications

Without an imposed physical structure, even the most complex chemistries are limited in their ability to process information. For example, the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) oscillating reaction has been shown to have information procession potential, but only if structure is imposed e.g. using physical barriers or light-sensitive catalysts. Recently, separated BZ droplets in oil have been investigated. Another option for aqueous/oil systems is to add lipid into the oil, which self-assembles into a monolayer at the phase boundary. If the lipid-stabilised droplets are brought into contact, a bilayer is formed, separating the BZ droplets into compartments. This technique is more flexible than other methods of imparting structure, allowing for the creation of droplet arrays inspired by biological neuronal networks

Complementary Therapy to Target LDL Cholesterol: The Role of the Ezetimibe/Simvastatin Combination

Cardiovascular (CV) disease remains the number 1 cause of death in the USA. Nonetheless, there has been a decline in the age-adjusted death rate for coronary heart disease (CHD) which may be due to more aggressive treatment guidelines for treating CV risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The recent update to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines have recommended lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals in high-risk patients. Based on the new targets for LDL-C, clinicians will need more efficacious lipid-lowering therapies. One of these newer therapies is the combination of ezetimibe and simvastatin. This article reviews the implications of the updated guidelines and discusses the efficacy and safety of ezetimibe/simvastatin for lowering LDL-C

tert-Butyl N-[1-diazo­acetyl-3-(methyl­sulfan­yl)prop­yl]carbamate

In the enanti­omerically pure title compound, C11H19N3O3S, the chain C—N—C(O)—O—C—C (from the asymmetric carbon to a methyl of the tert-butyl group) displays an extended conformation. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into chains parallel to the c axis by classical N—H⋯Odiazo­carbon­yl hydrogen bonding and an unusual inter­molecular three-centre inter­action involving the amino acid (aa) carbonyl Oaa and the diazo­carbonyl grouping C(O)—CH—N N, with H⋯Oaa = 2.51 Å and N⋯Oaa = 2.8141 (14) Å

Protein synthesis in skeletal muscle following acute exhaustive exercise

Cell-free and whole-tissue protein synthesis was studied in skeletal muscle of untrained male guinea pigs that had undergone a treadmill run to exhaustion. Experiments using explants from the gastrocnemius muscle maintained in organ culture demonstrated that the ability of the acutely exercised muscle to incorporate amino acids into protein had increased. Compared to polyribosomes prepared from several lower hind limb muscles of nonexercised guinea pigs, polyribosomes from the same muscle in exhausted guinea pigs had incorporated almost 50% more radioactive leucine into protein. However, the polysome profiles of control and exercised muscle were identical, and no difference in the total polysome RNA content could be detected. The efficiency of in-vitro protein synthesis using washed membrane-bound polyribosomes (microsomes) isolated from acutely exercised skeletal muscle was 50% greater than with microsomes from rested control muscle.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50128/1/880020403_ftp.pd

Eighteenth Year of the Gulf of Maine Environmental Monitoring Program

This report summarizes the metals and organic contaminant data associated with the collection and analyses of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) tissue from selected sites along the Gulf of Maine coast during the 2008 sampling season. Contaminant monitoring is conducted by the Gulfwatch Program for the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment (GOMC). A subset of these data is compared with analytical results from earlier Gulfwatch monitoring (2001-2007). Statistical analyses are limited to descriptive measures of replicates from selected sampling sites and include: arithmetic means, and appropriate measures of variance. The primary purpose of this report is to present the current annual results, present graphical representation of spatial and temporal trends and identify potential outliers in order to provide investigators and other interested persons with contemporary information concerning water quality in the Gulf of Maine, as reflected by uptake into resident shellfish (mussels and clams)

Quenching of Star Formation

In the last decade we have seen an enormous increase in the size and quality of spectroscopic galaxy surveys, both at low and high redshift. New statistical techniques to analyse large portions of galaxy spectra are now finding favour over traditional index based methods. Here we will review a new robust and iterative Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm, which solves several common issues with classic PCA. Application to the 4000AA break region of galaxies in the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey (VVDS) and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) gives new high signal-to-noise ratio spectral indices easily interpretable in terms of recent star formation history. In particular, we identify a sample of post-starburst galaxies at z~0.7 and z~0.07. We quantify for the first time the importance of post-starburst galaxies, consistent with being descendants of gas-rich major mergers, for building the red sequence. Finally, we present a comparison with new low and high redshift "mock spectroscopic surveys" derived from a Millennium Run semi-analytic model.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Conference proceedings in "Classification and Discovery in Large Astronomical Surveys", 2008, C.A.L. Bailer-Jones (ed.